中考定语从句解题技巧(个人总结)

一、定语从句（一）：

1.定语从句的概念：

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

位置：从关系词或横线后起到第二个谓语动词或be动词止。

2.先行词：

被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。（代词惯指人称代词与不定代词）

位置：紧靠关系词或横线前的名词或代词部分。

3.关系词：

引导定语从句的连词叫关系词（分为关系代词与关系副词）。

关系代词有五个：that、which、who、whom、whose

关系副词有三个：where、when等。

4.关系代词的用法

1）that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)

The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)

2）which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)

The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)

3）who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语（可省略）。例如:

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)

Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)

4） whose在定语从句中作定语，既可用于人也可用于物时，即人物通指。

用法：当先行词是名词，定语从句中的主语也是名词，而且两名词间存在所属关系时， 不论先行词是人还是物，都用关系代词whose。

（n.）________ (n.) 此名词所属于先行词( n.) 时，用关系代词whose.

例如：The woman whose hair is long is my mother.

The book whose cover is green is mine.

定语从句解题思路与关系词确定步骤： 定语从句的引导词的确定可以概括为：“三找两定一证”。

“三找”：找先行词→找定语从句→找定语从句的谓语动词或be动词；

“两定”：以谓语动词与be动词为基准，看定语从句是否缺主语（谓语动词或be 动词的左边）还是缺宾语（谓语动词的右边）；

1）如果定语从句从句缺主语或宾语，则判定用关系代词，再根据先行词指人或物确定正确的关系代词（that,which,who, whom）。

2）如果定语从句的谓语动词或be动词两边都不缺成分，则判定用关系副词，再根据先行词是时间，地点或原因确定正确的关系副词(when,where,why)。

注意： 3）虽然有时定语从句的谓语动词或be动词两边都不缺成分,但当先行词是名词，定语从句中的主语也是名词，而且两名词间存在所属关系时， 不论先行词是人还是物，都判定用关系代词whose。

“一证”：把定语从句还原成独立的句子，验证其句子结构的完整性。

表格总结：关系代词的用法。

5.关系副词的用法

(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:

This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:

This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。

(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

二、定语从句（二）

1.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用that不用which。

1).当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时，只能用that。

There is nothing ______ I can do for you .

2).当先行词被the only、the very 、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时，只能用that。 This is the very book ______ I’m looking for .

3).先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that 。

This is the first textbook ______ I studied in the middle school .

4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。

This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen .=

I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountain .

5).先行词既有人也有物时，只能that 。

He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had .

2.先行词是物时，一般情况既可用that也可用which.但下列情况下，只能用which不用that。

1).关系代词前有介词时，关系词只能用which 。

This is the building in ______ he lives .

2).先行词本身是that时，关系词只能用which 。

The clock is that _____ tells the time .

3).引导非限定性的定语从句（先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开），关系词用which。 His book , ______ was lost last week , has been found now.

3.先行词是人时，一般情况下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情况下，只能用who。

1).当先行词为those、one、ones、anyone且作主语时，一般用who 。

Those ______ are singing are all my classmates .

2).在there be 句型中，先行词指人时，只能用who。指物时用that。

There is a girl ______ expects to see you .

3).当先行词是I、you、he、they等时，只能用who 。

He ______ plays with fire gets burned .

三、定语从句（三）。

由关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句。

where = in / at +which when = in / on / at +which why = for + which

1.由where引导的定语从句。

1).先行词是表示地点的名词 2).在定语从句中作地点状语

Is this the house ______ you lived ?= Is this the house _____ _____ you lived ?

= Is this the house _____ you lived in ?

2.由when引导的定语从句。

1).先行词是表示时间的名词 2).在定语从句中作时间状语

I will never forget the days ______ I met him .= I will never forget the days ____ ____ I met him. 注：先行词是the last time 时，when 可省略。

When was the last time you saw the parrot ?

3.由why引导的定语从句。

1)先行词为reason 时，一般用why 2) why在句中作原因状语。

We don’t know the reason ______ they didn’t come .

四、注意事项：

1.关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省略。

The story _____ he told was very popular .

A.who B.whom C.whose D. /

2.that、who、which在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词保持一致。 I loves singers who _______(write) their own songs .

She is one of the girls who ______(study) hard .

3.在定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的人称代词。

Will you please show me the book ______ yesterday?

A. which you bought B. that you bought it C. you bought D. you bought it

4.定语从句中whose 的确定：

无论先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定语用whose。

判断：看定语从句的主语前有无限定词（my、your、Jim’s等），若没有，则用whose 。 The girl _____ parents work in Beijing is Kate .

A. who B. whose C. which D. that

I know the boy . His handwriting is very good .= I know the boy ____ handwriting is very good.

五、定语从句的简化

把定语从句简化为形容词短语、过去分词短语、介词短语、现在分词短语。

1.She received a box which was full of presents .

She received a box _____ _____ presents .

2.He likes reading books that was written by Luxun.

He likes reading booking _____ ____ Luxun .

3.I like Chinese tea which has nothing in it .

I like Chinese tea ______ _____ in it .

4.Do you know the girl who is wearing a red dress .

Do you know the girl ______ a red dress.