高中英语写作技巧

写作中一些技巧：

1、审题：审题是做到切题的第一步。所谓审题就是要看清题意，确定文章的中心思想、主题，并围绕中心思想组织材料。

2、进行构思，列出简单的提纲，打造文章之骨架：审好题、立好意后，就要写提纲，打造文章的骨架。文章布局要做好几件事：安排好层次段落，铺设好过渡，处理好开头和结尾。

3、扩展成文：根据字数多少扩展成篇。扩展的内容一定要紧扣主题，千万不要写那些与主题不相关的内容。展开的方式包括：顺序法、举例法、比较法、对比法、说明法、因果法、推导法、归纳法和下定义等。可以根据需要任选一种或几种方式。

在这一步骤中还需注意三方面问题：

1）确保提纲中段落结构的思路与各段主题句的一致性。只有这样，才能保证所写段落不

偏题、不跑题。

2）要综合考虑各个段落的内容安排，避免段落内容的交叉。

3）用好连接词，注意段落间、句子间的连贯性。要做到所写文章层次分明，思路清晰，

文字连贯，就需要在句与句之间、段与段之间架起一座座桥梁，而连接词起的正是桥

梁作用。

在扩展的过程中也有些窍门，以下几点可供参考：

1）在整篇文章中，避免只是用一两个句式或重复用同一词语。英语中存在着极为丰富

的同义词，准确地使用同义词可以给读者清新的感觉。同时要灵活运用各种句式，如

倒装句、强调句、省略句、主从复合句、对比句、分词短语、介词短语等，从而增加

文章的可读性。

2）使用不同长度的句子。如果一个意思用一句话写不清楚的话，通过分句和合句或用两

句、三句来表达，增强句子的连贯性和表现力。

3）改变句子的开头方式，不要总是以主、谓、宾、状的次序。可以把状语至于句首，或

用分词等。

4）学会使用过渡词。

（1) 递进furthermore，moreover，besides，in addition，then，etc

（2) 转折however，but，nevertheless，afterwards，etc

（3) 总结finally，at last，in brief，to conclude，etc

（4) 强调really，indeed，certainly，surely，above a11，etc

（5) 对比in the same way，just as，on the other hand，etc

5）确定文章用第几人称写，基本时态是什么。使用人称时人物不能张冠李戴或指代不明。

时态要尽量保持一致。

4、检查修改：要检查复核，不要写完了事。

要留时间通读全文，修改可能出现的错误。检查上下文是否连贯，句子衔接是否自然流畅。检验的标准主要是句子是否通畅，该用连词的地方用了没有，所用的连词是否合适，是否有语法错误，主谓是否一致，动词的时态、语态、语气的使用是否正确，词组的搭配是否合乎习惯，是否有大小写、拼写、标点错误等，还有就是注意卷面整洁。

可归纳为：中心突出，主题明确；层次清楚，条理清晰； 表达力强，传情达意；语句通顺，句型多变；过渡自然，衔接紧凑；标点正确，大小无误；字迹清楚，卷面整洁。

以上是一些写作技巧以及相关的一些注意事项。下面我们来看看一些最近几年常见的体裁及可借鉴的写作模式。

一、议论文

议论文要求学生就某一方面的问题通过摆事实、讲道理的方式来发表自己的看法。一般来说，议论文由论点、论据、论证三部分组成。要做到：1）论点要正确无误。2）论据要可靠充分。论据可以是人们公认的真理，也可以是经过实践考证的经典著作。3）论证要合理严密。人们常用的论证方法有归纳法、推理法、对比法。议论文一般按提出问题、解决问题的逻辑顺序来安排层次。

（一）议论文的写作步骤

1、引言（introduction）：由于英语作文受时间、字数的限制，因此，在引言段中作者就

必须简单解释要讨论的问题，并明白地亮出自己的观点，如提倡什么，支持什么，反对

什么等。

2、展开段（supporting sentences）：展开段是议论的过程，作者必须有足够的证据（adequate

proofs）来论证自己的观点。一般可提出一个或两个proofs, 并对此用一两句话分别进行

阐述。

3、结论（conclusion）：结论段可以用一两句话来结束文章。同时要注意与引言段呼应，

但不能照搬前面的原话。

（二）议论文的类型

英语议论文根据命题特点，从形式上来看可分为如下类型:

1、对问题“一分为二”的观点。这类文章大多结合当前时事，要求学生就某种现象谈其利弊。如“轿车大量进入家庭后，对家庭、环境、经济可能产生的影响”。此类文章的模式及套语如下，仅供参考：

第一段：

nowadays more and more people…/… plays an important part in… like everything else… has /have both favorable and unfavorable aspects (both advantages and disadvantages). generally, the favorable aspects (advantages) can be listed as follows.

第二段：

first…secondly…in addition(what’s more)…

第三段：

every coin has two sides. the negative aspects (advantages) are also apparent (obvious). to begin with… to make matters worse… worst of all…

第四段：

through above analysis/all things considered, we can see that the positive aspects(advantages) outweigh the negative aspects(disadvantages). therefore …

范文：讨论电脑的利弊。

computers are playing a more and more important role in modern society. they are widely used almost in every field, such as business, transportation and education. we use computers to process and store all kinds of information. also, they are entering ordinary families. we use computers to control electrical appliances and to entertain ourselves by playing games on them. without computers, the world would not be what it is today.

in spite of this, computers cause problems. for instance, a great system will break down when only a single computer goes wrong. it is possible that somebody breaks into a computer system to steal secret information. we cannot rely so much on computers.

so we should develop more advanced and reliable computers in order to make our life more colorful and meaningful.

2、“两者选一”的观点。这要求学生在a和b之间作一选择或比较，如“乘火车还是乘飞机”。

第一段：

some people hold the opinion that (a) is superior to (b) in many ways. others , however, argue that (b) is much better. personally, i would prefer (a) because (a) has more advantages.

第二段：

there are many reasons why i prefer (a). the main reason is that …. another reason is that…

第三段：

of course, choosing (b) also has advantages to some extent.(give one or two advantages of b)

第四段：

but if all these factors are considered, (a) is much better that (b).from what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that…

3、“我认为……”即“我的观点”型。如“一些学生喜欢拿自己的同学开恶作剧的玩笑，谈谈你的看法。”

some of the students around us like playing practical jokes on others at school, but frankly speaking, i don’t think it’s wise to do this kind of thing, for they often lead to a lot of problems.

in my opinion, playing tricks on your classmates might ruin the friendship between you and your friends. as young students, we sometimes do something only for fun without thinking of others’ feelings. playing some jokes may more or less hurt your friends.

what’s more, playing tricks on others may do harm to their bodies. the victims of the jokes might suffer from severe pain not only mentally but also physically.

last but not least, humor has been well defined as thinking in fun while feeling in earnest.

if a person wants to make true friends, he must learn to foster the friendship which can enrich his life. he should learn to treat his friends sincerely and frankly, to give advice and to help whenever they need but never to` play meaningless practical jokes on them .

4、图表作文。图表式作文通过阅读图表中的数字与项目得出一个结论或形成一种看法。写作要点：不需要把表中的数据一一列出，只要选几个有代表性的数据加以叙述并结合数据抓住实质简而议之。

下面的模式可供参考：

模式一：

第一段：

… is known as one of the most serious problems in today’s world, as is shown in the grapy,/according to the figures shown in the grapy,(表述图表中的数字)

第二段：

（陈述理由）furthermore,（继续陈述理由） as a result,（引起的后果…的减少或增长）(…experiencing a decrease/increase)

第三段：

so i believe…will be achieved through efforts of every person.

模式二：

第一段：

from…we can see the increase/decrease（描述数字的句型）…was/added up to（数字） in（时间）, while it increased/decreasedto(数字and数字) in (时间and时间) respectively. therefore, it can be predicted that …will further increase/decrease (is/are to be on the rise/decrease) in the future.

第二段：

there are chiefly three reasons for the rise/decrease. firstly…secondly…, apart from the above reasons…

第三段：

in spite of what is mentioned above, there are still… the grapy/table indicted… hence, the situation is still serious and how to …is still a challenging task.

5、看图写话。根据图画写故事，伴之以简单议论或者简述图画内容，透过现象看本质，以议论为主。

以xx年的高考作文为例。图片上女儿在学骑自行车，奶奶、父亲和一手拿着急救箱的母亲三人满头大汗地扶着车，深怕女儿摔着了。图片下有一行字：你们让我自己骑好吗？这仍是一个涉及到孩子怎样独立的问题。此类文章可采用以下的模式：

1. outline the reasons/the cause of the problem.

2. many ways can be used to solve this serious problem, but the following ones may be effective.

3. first of all…besides…/another way to solve the problem of …is…finally…

4. from my experience, i feel there is no shortcut in doing everything./ maybe these are not the best

or only measures we can take. but it should be noted that we should take great pains to…

二、记叙文

记叙文要求学生根据题目提供的信息，组织语言材料，编写成文。一般说来，记叙文有时间、地点、人物、事件、原因和结果六要素，写作时要明确清楚地给予表达。

1、记人。要注意介绍人物的身世、经历和事迹等。

第一段：

in my life i have met many people who are really worth mentioning. but perhaps the most unforgettable person i have ever known is…

第二段：

it is his special quality that is always kept in my memory.

第三段：列举第一个特点或外貌，在描写时一定要围绕一个主题句展开。

第四段：列举第二个特点，在描写时也一定要围绕一个主题句展开。

第五段：谈谈感想。

例文：

the most unforgettable teacher

in my life i have met many people who are really worth mentioning. but perhaps the most unforgettable person i have ever known is my chinese teacher.

it is his special quality that is always kept in my memory.

for one thing, i was attracted by his wide range of knowledge. i remember that we students always attended his class with great eagerness because his lectures were humorously delivered, and he never failed to give us valuable advice. nothing seemed difficult to learn through his explanation.

for another, i was deeply impressed by the respect he showed for us. as he treated us like friends rather than students, we all liked to visit his home for social activities as well as for advice.

although it is over a year now since i attended his last class, he is the talk of our old classmates, and i know part of him has already stayed in my heart.

2、叙事。记事文要描写事情发生与发展的过程，叙述事情发生的前因后果等，也就是说在写事件时，应抓住事件发生的时间、地点、人物等几个基本要素。也就是我们常说的五个问题：

1) what happened?

2) when did it happen?

3) where did it happen?

4) who was involved?

5) why did it happen?

抓住这几个问题，一般就能把一个事件完整地表达出来。

范文：

an unforgettable examination

i have experienced many kinds of examination in my life, the most unforgettable of which was the final-examination last term.

before the examination, i stayed up late in order to get a good score. the next morning i rushed to school without breakfast.

in the course of the examination, i saw a very difficult problem and it took me a lot of time. i thought hard but couldn’t work it out. soon after i gave up, i fell asleep at my desk. when i woke up , the examination was over, you can imagine what happened in the end.

i drew a good lesson from this examination. that is, listening attentively and going over your lessons regularly means less work.

三、书信的写作

1、称谓：

无职衔的男子：mr. wang/zhang

已婚女子：mrs wang/zhao

未婚女子：miss wang/zhang

博士：dr. zhang

教授：pro. lin

还有一些表示感情色彩的词。

如：dear dr. smith/dear madam/dear sir

2、正文

正文要从称谓的下一行写起，可以和称谓齐头写，也可以向内缩五个字母写。正文就是要具体地写你想表达的内容，要注意表达清楚、简练，让收信人很容易得知你要表达的内容。

3、结束语：

结束语写在正文的下方，另起一行。常用的结束语有：

best wishes!/ good luck!/give my best wishes to your family!/looking forward to your reply!

4、签名：

sincerely yours/yours sincerely/truly yours/yours respectfully/respectfully yours

例文一：下面是一个叫kurt的人写给父母的家书。

17th dec.

dear mother and father,

i feel very excited at the thought that in another week i shall be with you again on holiday. i have enjoyed my stay in england very much indeed. mr. dowson and my fellow students are all very nice to me. but, as they say in england, “there’s no place like home,” and i think one feels this above all at christmas time.

i am leaving here early on thursday, the 23rd, and i shall arrive in basle on friday morning, so i shall be home somewhere about lunch time. can you meet me at the station, as i shall have a lot of luggage?

i’ve got some christmas presents for you all. i’m not going to tell you what your presents are, so it will be a surprise. i hope you will like them.

how are you all at home? i hope you are all keeping well. see that father always puts on his big coat when he goes out, so that he doesn’t catch cold. i can’t say how much i want to see you and my brother all again.

love and all good wishes,

kurt

例文二：写求职信的一般模式

dear 1 ,

i would like to apply for a position in your company. 2 .

i enclose my resume which describes my education and work experience. 3 .

i would appreciate it very much if you could give me a chance. i look forward to your reply.

yours sincerely,

4

上述内容中所填的内容依次是：

① 正确的称谓

② 信息来源及求职原因

③ 具体介绍自己的情况及适合这职位的原因

④ 署名

四、说明文

说明文就是用简单的文字说明事物的特点、类别、构造、用途、成因等。它包括广告、知识小品、教材、书文简介、理论性概念或定律的解释。

写说明文应清楚以下几点：

1、条理分明，遵循空间顺序、时间顺序、逻辑顺序、因果关系。

2、说明文要浅显、准确、简介，避免过分的夸张。

例文一：以“how to protect your eyes”为题写一篇130字左右的文章。

how to protect your eyes

“eyes are windows of the soul,” people often say. everyone understands how important the eyes are. but how to protect eyesight remains a question among us students, at least many of us. if you want to protect your eyesight, you must pay attention to the following points:

first, you should not keep your eyes working for a long time. after you have studied for a ling time, about an hour or so, you had better have a rest by looking in the long distance.

secondly, you should keep your book about a foot away from your eyes when you read it. you should also keep in mind, “don’t read in a poor light or in the sun; don’t read in the moving bus or in bed.” doing eye-exercises will help you keep good eyesight.

if you fail to keep these rules, you will become short-sighted sooner or later.

例文二：

你到杭州游览，报上介绍三家酒店，情况如下：

酒店a，四星级，位于火车站旁，房间和各种设施条件良好。

酒店b，四星级，位于著名的西湖旁，景致极好。

酒店c，二星级，位于离开西湖仅5分钟步行路程的一条小马路上。

你会选择哪家，请说出你的理由。

i will choose the two-star-hotel near the west lake.

first, i am a student. i can’t afford my own living now. so there is no need to waste money to choose a four-star hotel. it is a waste of money.

second, this hotel is quite near to the west lake. it only takes me five minutes’ walk. so i don’t need to pay for taxies or buses. it is very convenient for me to visit the west lake anytime i want.

and with all the money i have saved, i can enjoy a more exciting visit to the west lake. i can visit more places, play more games and also enjoy more good food.

though the hotel is not as beautiful as the other two hotels, and its services may not be as good as those two hotels, i will still choose this hotel because i think i can enjoy my several days’ trip here.

　总之，英文写作是一个学生英语综合能力的书面体现，它需要一个长期复杂的训练过程。但是如果教师让学生在了解掌握写作技巧和模式的基础上，同时在平时不断从学生的实际水平出发，有目的、有计划、有要求、有检查、有反馈地培养学生的写作能力，由易到难，循序渐进，那么学生到写的时候就能做到厚积薄发、思如泉涌、下笔如有神。

参考书目：

1．高考英语全能训练及专项指导

2． 英语常见问题解答大词典 ibs7-27-03887-9/h94

3． a brief discussion about how to improve middle school students’english writing proficiency

______ journal of chongqing three gorges university ruan hongbo

4．how to improve students’ english writing ability

_______ china educational technique and equipment li liang

5．on the teaching of writing in basic english class

_______ journal of jiangxi science and technology normal university