初中英语常见易混淆词语辨析
词语辨析
1.because;since;as; for
这四个词作为连词,都有“因为”的意思,都有可能用来为一个动作或情况提供原因或理由,但它们在用法上有区别。
because是从属连词,接表示直接原因的从句,一般放在主句的后面(需强调时,也可放在句首),直接明白地说明因果关系。回答why的提问时,必须用be- cause。例如:
Because he is ill, he can't go to school.因为他病了,所以不能上学。(生病是不能上学的直接原因) —Why didn't she come?她为什么没来?
—Because she had an important meeting to attend.因为她有个重要会议要参加。
as是从属连词,只说明一般的因果关系,语气比because弱,说明比较明显的原因,它引导的从句通常放在句首,有时也可放在句尾。例如:
As he was not well,I decided to go without him.因为他身体不好,我决定独自去。
since意为“既然”,表示对方已知晓,无需加以说明的原因或事实,语气比 because弱,但比as强,全句重点落在主句上。例如:
I'll do it for you since you are busy.既然你忙,我来替你做吧。
Since everybody is here,let's begin our meeting.既然大家都到了,我们开会吧。
for是并列连词,用来附带解释或说明前一分句的原因或理由,有时它表示的理由是推测性的,for引导的句子一般放在句子后部。例如:
We must leave now ,for the film begins at seven.我们得走了,因为电影七点钟开始。
Day breaks ,for the birds are singing.天亮了,因为鸟在叫。(表示推测)
2.die;dead;dying;death
这四个词均与“死”有关。die是终止性动词,意为“死亡”、“断气”,指生命的结束,强调动作。例如:
His grandmother died two years
ago.他奶奶两年前去世了。
dead意为“死的”、“无生命的”,常与be动词连用,表示死的状态。例如:
He has been dead for two years.他去世两年了。
dying是die的现在分词,通常作形容词使用,表示“要死”、“垂危”、“濒临死亡”之意。例如:
He is dying.他快要死了。
death是die的名词,意为“死”、“死亡”。例如:
It makes me very sad when I think of my little dog's death.当想起我死去的小狗时,我很难过。
3.as soon as possible;as quickly as possible;as much as possible
as soon as possible意为“尽可能早地、尽快”,多指时间短。如:
I'd like to see him as soon as possible.我想尽快见到他。
as quickly as意为“尽早(快)地”,多指速度快。如:
Read this story as quickly as possible.尽快读完这个故事。
as much as possible意为“尽可能多地”,表示数量多。
Please practise speaking English as much as possible every day.每天尽可能多地练习讲英语。
4.besides;except;except for
besides是介词,意为“除了……以外(还有)”,具有肯定和附加的涵义,即表示“在……之外,还另加……”,后接名词、动词-ing形式或代词。如:
Besides English,he is good at French.除了英语以外,他的法语也很好。
except只作介词,是“除……之外(不包括本身在内)”的意思,有否定和排除的涵义,表示从整体中除去一部分。如:
We all succeed except him.除了他以外,我们都获得了成功。
except for有时可以与except互换,表示“除了……以外”,但位于句首时,不用except,而用except for。如:
Except for George,we can all go.除乔治以外,我们都可以去。
5.hope;wish
两个词用作动词,均有“希望”的意思,都可接不定式作宾语,不接动词-ing形式,两个动词都可接宾语从句。
hope与wish都表示“希望”,两者不同之处在于:hope表示实现可能性大的希望,而wish只表示主观愿望,不考虑能否实现,常用于不能实现的场合,从句的谓语动词要用过去式(be用were)来表达现在或将来与事实相反的愿望。试比较:
I hope they can help us.我希望他们能来帮助我们。
I wish they could help us.我真希望他们能来帮助我们。
wish后还可接形容词、不定式作宾语补足语,以及后接双宾语表示祝愿,而hope不能这样用。如:
I wish you tocome here soon.我希望你尽快来这里。
Iwish you agood night!祝你晚安!
6.like to do;like doing
like是及物动词,其后可接不定式也可接动词-ing形式。
like to do表示一种具体行为,表示某种愿望,指想干某事,喜欢去做某事。相当于want to do,有时,可构成 like sb.to do sth.,即接复合宾语。如:
I like to visit her as often as possible.我喜欢经常去看望她。
like doing指喜欢干某事,说明一种惯常情况,相当于enjoy doing。如:
He likes playing tennis.他喜欢打网球。
7.because;because of
二者都有“因为”之意,但用法不同:
because作连词,用于引导原因状语从句或作why开头问句的答语,常用于表示直接原因。而because of是复合介词,后跟名词或代词。试比较:
Because he is ill,he is absent today.因为他病了,所以他今天缺席了。
He can't come because of the heavy rain.因为大雨,所以他不能来了。
8.beautiful;pretty
这两个形容词都有“美丽的;漂亮的”的意思。beautiful可用于人、物、景色等,侧重于阴柔之美,较少用于男性;pretty表示“俊俏;可爱;迷人”的意思,带有感情色彩,往往用来修饰妇女、儿童或其它小巧可爱的事物,侧重于娇小之美。例如:
The West Lake is famous for its beautiful scenery.西湖因它漂亮的景色而著名。
What a pretty little garden!多么美丽的小花园啊!
9.at the edge of;on the edge of
at the edge of表示“在某个范围的边缘”,后接表示地点的名词;on the edge of表示“在某个物体上面的边缘上”。例如:
I could hear birds whistling at the edge of the woods.我能听见鸟在森林边的鸣叫声。
Don't put the glass on the edge of the table.不要把玻璃杯放在桌子边上。
10.think about;think of;think over
think about和think of这两个短语表示“考虑”、“对……有某种看法”时,可以互换。例如:
Don't think of(about)me any more.不要再考虑我。
They're thinking about(of)buying a new car before the price goes up.他们正在考虑在涨价前买一辆新车。
What do you think of(about)the film?你认为那部影片怎么样?
think of表示下列意义时,一般不和think about换用:
①想要;打算。例如:
Helen,are you thinking of marrying Tom?海伦,你打算和汤姆结婚吗?
②想出;想到。例如:
Who thought of the idea?谁想出的这个主意?
③关心;想着。例如:
Lei Feng was always thinking of others.雷锋总是为别人着想。
④想起;记得。例如:
I can't think of his name.我想不起他的名字。
think about表示“回想过去的事情”、“考虑某计划是否切实可行”时,一般不和think of换用。例如:
I often thought about what you said last time I saw you.我常常想到上次见到你时你说的话。
I'll think about your suggestion,and give you an answer tomorrow.我要考虑一下你的建议,明天给你答复。
think over意为“仔细考虑”。think sth. over= think over sth.
加代词作宾语放在中间 think it over
例如:
Think over,and you'll find a way.仔细考虑一下,你就会有办法的。
We need several days to think this matter over.我们需要几天的时间把这件事情仔细考虑一下。