主谓一致用法详解及练习题附答案

．主谓一致

主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持数的一致关系。英语主谓一致一般要遵循三条原则，即：语法一致原则；意义一致原则和就近原则。

1.语法一致原则

语法一致原则是指谓语动词和它的主语在语法形式上必须取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式，如：

Tom doesn’t like swimming. 汤姆不喜欢游泳。

Jane and Mary look alike. 简和玛丽看起来很像。

意义一致原则是指谓语动词和主语的一致，同由主语所表达的单数概念来决定，而不是根据主语的实际语法形式。有时主语的语法形式是单数，但所表达的概念是复数意义，这时动词应采用复数形式，如：

The football team are having breakfast now. 足球队员们在吃早饭。

The news was exciting. 这条消息令人振奋。

3.就近原则

就近原则指谓语动词的人称和数要在形式上与最靠近它的那个名词或代词取得一致。当一个句子有两个主语而它们又是either...or…, neither…nor…, not only…but also…, or 等连接时，谓语动词与靠近它的主语保持一致，如：

Either your students or Mr Wang knows this. 你的学生们或王老师知道这件事。

Neither Jim nor his friends were interested in this film. 汤姆和他的朋友们都对这部电影不感兴趣。

主谓一致这三个原则中有很多需要注意的问题，

1.主语为集体名词

(1)某些集体名词既可表示单数也可表示复数。如果集体名词作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式，如：

Our group were discussing heatedly on the subject. 我们小组成员正对这个问题进行热烈的讨论。（group 指小组成员） Our group is made up of four girls and five boys. 我们小组有4个女孩和5个男孩组成。（group 指小组整体）

The population in China is very large, and one third of the population are farmers.

中国的人口很多，其中三分之一是农民。（前一个population 指整体，后一个population 指成员）

(2)某些集体名词如people, police, cattle, youth 等常作复数看待，谓语动词与复数形式的谓语搭配，如：

The police are searching for him. 警察正在搜寻他。

The cattle were driven away from the hill. 那些牲畜从山上被赶走了。

3.某些名词如equipment（设备），furniture（家具），jewelry（珠宝），clothing（衣服），machinery（机械），表示单数概念，谓语动词要相应地采用单数形式,如：

A lot of equipment has been replaced by the new equipment. 许多旧设备已经被新设备代替了。

All the machinery in the factory was controlled by robots. 这个厂所有的机械都由机器人来控制的。

2.主语为代词

(1)．有些代词尽管意义上是多数，但谓语动词要用单数形式，这类代词有：either, neither, each, another, somebody, someone, something, anything, anyone, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody 等，如：

Neither likes the friends of the other. 两人都不喜欢对方的朋友。

Everything around us is matter. 我们周围所有的东西都是物质。

注意：

① 在neither of 与either of 的结构中，谓语动词可用单数形式也可用复数形式，如：

Neither of them was / were in good health, but both worked hard.

他们俩身体都不好，但工作却都很努力。

② each 用于单数名词前，谓语动词用单数形式, each 用于复数主语后，谓语动词用复数形式。each of, each one of 后接复数名词或代词，但谓语动词常用单数形式。

Each (one) of the houses was different. 每座房子都不同。

Each student has been given their own e-mail address. 每个学生都得到了一个自己的电子邮件地址。

They each have their own car.他们每个人都有自己的车。

(2).none 作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数，这要取决于说话人的看法，如：

None of us seem to have thought of it. 似乎我们全都没有想到这一点。

None of us has got a camera. (None = Not a single one)我们都没有照相机。

(3).both, (a) few, many, several 作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，如：

Both (of) the instruments are not precise ones. 这两种仪器并不都是精密仪器。

(4).all 作主语表示人时，谓语动词用复数；表示物时，谓语动词用单数，如：

All is well that ends well. 结果好一切都好。

All are eager to reach an agreement. 大家都急于达成一项协议。

(5).either…or…; neither…or; not only; but also; or 连接时谓语通常和最邻近的主语保持一致，如：

Not only Mary but also her parents have agreed to go there. 不但玛丽而且她的父母都同意去那儿。

He or they are to blame ?他还是他们要受惩罚？

主谓一致中还有其它一些问题也是高考常考的热点，下面补充一下这些语法项目。

1.“a number of +复数名词或代词”作主语，表示“许多”之意，谓语动词一般用复数；“the number of +复数名词或代词”作主语，表示“……的数目”，“……的数量”，谓语动词一般用单数, 如：

The number of people invited was fifty, but a number of them were absent for different reasons.

被邀请的人数是50人，但很多人因各自不同的原因没有到席。

2.“分数或百分数+of +名词”作主语，谓语动词要与of后面的名词保持一致，如：

More than 70 percent of the earth’s surface is covered by water. 地球表面70％的地方被水覆盖。

3。.主语后面跟有with, together with, but, along with, like, except, besides, including, in addition to, rather than, as much as, as well as, no less than 等短语时，谓语动词通常和这些短语前面的名词或代词保持一致，如：

E-mail, as well as telephones, is playing an important part in daily communication.

电子邮件及电话在日常交往中起着重要的作用。

4.表示数量、距离、金钱、时间、书名等的复数名词作主语时，通常当作整体看待，谓语动词用单数，如：

There thousand dollars has been spent on books. 这本书花了3000美元。

Ten kilometers is a long way. 一万里是一段很长的行程。

5.由and 连接并列名词短语作主语时，如果是指两个或更多个人或物，谓语动词要用复数；如果是指同一人或物，谓语动词要用单数。这时，and 后面的名词前没有冠词，如：

The singer and dancer is to attend our English party. 这位既是歌唱家又是演员的人将参加我们的英语晚会。

6.不定式短语，-ing 短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数，如：

When and where to build the new factory is not decided yet.什么时间，什么地方建这个新工厂还没有决定。

7.“the +形容词”表示一类人，如the old, the young, the rich, the poor, the black, the white, the dead, the living 等，当它们用作主语时谓语动词要用复数，如：

The old are well looked after by the government. 老年人受到政府极好的照顾。

8.在“one of the +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，复数名词是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数，但当one 前有the only, the very 等修饰时，one 是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词要用单数，如：

He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years.

他是唯一一个连续三年获得奖学金的人。

She is one of the few girls who are well paid in the kindergarten. 她是在幼儿园薪水很高少数几个女孩中的一个。

9.Quantity + of +名词用作主语，谓语动词和quantity 保持一致，如：

As a result of destroying the forests, quantities of desert have covered the land.

由于森林受到了破坏，大量的沙漠覆盖了土地。

10. “more than one ＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数:More than one teachers gets the dictionaries.

“many a ＋名词”作主语时，从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词常用单数：Many a workers has been sent to build the dam．

[主谓一致]

1.About 60 percent of the students ________ from the south,the rest of them ________ from the north and foreign countries. A.are;is B.are;are C.is;are D.is;is

2.Half of the workers here ________ under 30 ________.

A.is;years B.are;year old C.is;years old D.are;years of age

3.Now Tom with his classmates ________ football on the playground.

A.play B.are playing C.plays D.is playing

4.The number of pages in this dictionary ________ about two thousand.

A.are B.has C.have D.is

5.Thirty dollars ________ too expensive.

A.are B.is C.were D.be

6.The secretary and principal ________ at the meeting now.

A.are speaking B.is speaking

C.were making a speech D.have a speech

7.“If anybody ________,please put down ________ name,”said the teacher to the monitor.

A.wants to buy the book;his B.want to buy the book;their

C.will buy the book;one’s D.wants to have the book bought;her

8.Nothing but one desk and six chairs ________ in the room.

A.are B.is stayed C.is D.are left

9.Between the two roads ________ a TV tower called“Skyscraper Tower”.

A.stands B.standing C.which stands D.stand

10.Either of you ________ going there tonight.

A.will B.was C.is D.are

11.You as well ________ right.

A.I are B.I am C.as I am D.as I are

12.All but Dick ________ in Class Three this term.

A.are B.is C.were D.was

13.Where to get the materials and how to get them ________ at the meeting.

A.have not discussed B.have not been discussed

C.has not discussed D.has not been discussed

14.I took mathematics and physics because I think that ________ very important for me to make further research in this field.

A.what is B.they are C.this D.which are

15.Every student and every teacher ________.

A.are going to attend the meeting B.have attended the meeting

C.has attended the meeting D.is attended the meeting

主谓一致：

1.解析：分数和rest作主语，谓语的数应与它们后面的中心名词保持一致。答案：B

2.解析：half作主语时，谓语要与half后面的名词保持一致。workers是复数，谓语也要用复数。答案：D

3.解析：Tom是主语，with...是状语。答案：D

4.解析：the number作主语，谓语用单数。答案：D

5.解析：度、量、衡作主语，把它作为一个整体看待，视为单数。答案：B

6.解析：the secretary and principal 只有一个冠词，一身兼两职：是书记也是校长。答案：B

7.解析：anybody作主语，谓语是单数；泛指一个人（的）一般用he （his）。答案：A

8.解析：nothing作主语，谓语用单数。答案：C

9.解析：主语是a TV tower。这是一个完全倒装结构。答案：A

10.解析：either作主语，谓语用单数。答案：C

11.解析：主语是you。as well as I（不仅是我）是状语。答案：D

12.解析：All是主语，它在这儿指人，所以应是复数。答案：A

13.解析：两个不定式的动词相同，属于同一概念，所以谓语仍然用单数。答案：D

14.解析：they代替“mathematics and physics”。答案：B

15.解析：every+n. and every+n.属于同一概念。答案：C