英译中国传统文化--敦煌莫高窟
英译中国传统文化
敦煌莫高窟
敦煌莫高窟在甘肃省敦煌市西南,创建于前秦,到唐朝时就达到1000余窟,至清代1000余年中不断修建。现存洞窟492个,保存着历代彩塑2400多尊,壁画50000余平方米。如果将它们连起来,可以组成一个长达25千米的瑰丽画廊。
敦煌佛像均为泥质彩塑,分为单身像和群像,造型生动,神态各异,最大的高达33米,最小的仅0.1米。
敦煌莫高窟是世界上壁画最多的石窟群,敦煌壁画是敦煌艺术的主要组成部分,规模宏大,内容丰富。敦煌壁画主要可以分为佛像画,经变画,民族传统神话题材壁画,供养人画像四类。佛像画是壁画的主体,内容包括各种佛像,菩萨等。其中体态俏丽,翩翩起舞的敦煌飞天形象更是让人难忘。
在敦煌莫高窟492个洞窟中,几乎每一窟都画有飞天。早期石窟中,飞天身材粗短,大嘴大耳,很明显受印度和西域飞天的影响。但到唐朝时,敦煌飞天的艺术形象就完全中国化了,她没有翅膀,没有羽毛,衣裙飘逸,彩带飞舞。 敦煌壁画的设色富丽堂皇,艳而不俗,以石绿,石青,朱砂等矿物染料为主色,层次分明,因为矿物染料稳定性极
强,历经千年依然艳丽如初。
敦煌莫高窟是当今世界上规模最宏大,保存最完好的佛像艺术宝库,被联合国教科文组织列入世界文化遗产名录。 2000年,以敦煌石窟壁画为基础创作的大型舞剧《大梦敦煌》在北京上演。
Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes
The Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes,located at southeast of DH city,were first constructed in the Former Qin Dynasty.It reached more than 1000 caves till the Tang Dynasty and was constantly built up the following 1000 years till the Qing Dynasty.Now more than 2400 painted sculptures and more than 50000 square meters frescos of past dynasties are saved in the 492 existing caves.If they are connected together,that will form a magnificent gallery of 25 km.
Dunhuang joss,all painted sculptures made of mud,are divided into single and group ones,and have vivid shapes and different presences with the tallest to 33 meters and shortest to 0.1 meter only.
The Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes are the caves that have the most frescos in the world,and the Dunhuang frescos are the main part of of the Dunhuang art.With a grand scale and rich
contents,the Dunhuang frescos can be mainly grouped under four heads which are joss paintings,By the Change Paintings,Paintings of Folk,Tradition and Myth and Dependents Portraits Paintings.Joss Paintings,the main body of frescos,include different kinds of joss and Bodhisattva,among which the image of flying god with a pretty and dancing posture is even more memorable.
In Dunhauang’s 492 grottoes,almost every one of them has flying gods.Flying gods in early caves are stocky with a big mouth and big ears ,which is evidently influenced by the flying gods in the India and Western Region.However, the artistic image since the Tang Dynasty has completely had the Chinese style,which is without wings and feathers but with flyway dress and colored ribbons.
The tint of the Dunhuang frescos is magnificent and colorful but not vulgar.With stone green,azurite and vermillion,etc.As its main colors,it still keeps its original flamboyant and clear beauty after thousands of years because of mineral color’s strong stability.
The Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes are the most majestic and well preserved mine of Buddhism art in the world till now and included into the World Heritage List by UNESCO.
In 2000,the large scale dance drama Dream of Dunhuang,created on the base of the Dunhuang Frescos,was shown in Beijing.