学位英语考前培训资料1

一、培训内容安排

三、阅读理解技巧讲解

注：所有的技巧都是辅助，必须依附一定的基础的知识。

阅读理解题型解题的一般步骤：

第一步：题型分类

1. 先读题目，后读文章 （目的是节约时间，但因人而异，建议通过练习来选择自己习

惯的阅读顺序。）

2. 对所读题目快速分类：主观题和客观题

主观题是针对作者的意图、目的和态度等进行的提问，一般在短文中不能直接找到答案，必须通过揣摩、推理和归纳才能得到答案。

客观题是针对短文内容进行的提问，一般在短文中可以直接找到答案。

主观题：

⏹ 主题思想题 （关键词：title, subject, main idea , topic, theme ）

例如：

① What is the main idea of the passage? 文章的中心思想是？

② Which of the following would be the best title? 以下哪个可作为本文最合适的题

目？

③ What ‟s the best title for the passage? 文章的最合适的题目是？

④ The main idea of the passage is that _____. 本文的中心思想是_____.

⑤ This passage tells us _____. 文章告诉我们_____.

⑥ Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?

下面的陈述中哪个最能概括文章的大意？

⑦ What does the passage mainly discuss? 文章主要讨论了什么？

⏹ 推理性试题（关键词：infer ,imply ,suggest ,conclude, (most) probably ）

① It can be inferred from the passage that _ . 从文章中我们可以推理出_____. ② The passage implies that _____. 本文说明了_____.

③ The passage suggests that _____. 本文说明了_____.

④ What is implied in the passage? 本文说明（暗含）了什么？

⑤ The paragraph following (proceeding) this passage probably will discuss (discusses)___.

文章接下去的一段将可能讨论___.

⏹ 询问作者写作目的或态度

① The author seems _____. 作者看起来_____.

② The author‟s tone in this passage is _____. 文中作者的语气是_____.

③ The purpose of the author in writing this passage is _____.

作者写这篇文章的目的是_____.

④ The author‟s intention in writing the passage is to _____.

作者写这篇文章的意图是_____.

⑤ The writer probably feels that _____. 作者可能觉得_____.

⑥ In the author‟s opinion, _____. 就作者而言， _____.

客观题:

⏹ 事实细节题（60%）

⏹ 词汇题

题型分类的目的: 一般来说为了节约时间，可以先做客观题，再做主观题，一般来说客观题的出题顺序和文章的行文顺序一致。

建议做题步骤:

第一步：对题型进行分类

第二步：寻找客观题中事实细节题的定位词

1. 定位词的特点

① 不能用中心思想词定位，因为整篇文章都是围绕中心思想词展开论述的。

② 专有名词、时间、数字、地点、大写字母的单词容易定位。

③ 比较长，难的名词容易定位，例如一些复杂的名词、副词、形容词和合成词等。 ④ 定位词找2个或3个就行，最好是位置不同的两个词。

⑤ 也可以在选项中找定位词，用排除法来寻找答案。

第三步：通过定位词在原文中寻找相应的句子或段落，通过分析、对比和理解得出答案，解

答客观题中的事实细节题

第四步：解答客观题中的词汇题

一般技巧：

⏹ 标点符号是理解词义的一条重要线索, 因为有些词的定义是通过标点符号, 如破折号，

括号, 冒号等来完成的 。

Sometimes we work on night shift—— from 11:30 p . m to 7:30 a.m

⏹ 有些信号词如：is called, means, that is, is, or, define as, refer to 等通常是针对某一词

汇的定义、解释或说明。如：

One sort of crimes which particularly worries people is juvenile delinquency，that is, crimes committed by young people.

⏹ 举例可以帮助我们理解词义。对于有些重要的词汇，作者常在词后自带解释或例子。

因此，根据例子可猜出词义。如：

Y ou may select any of these periodicals ：Time Magazine, Newsweek, Reader‟s Digest or The New Yorker.

⏹ 靠形成反差、对照的词或词组猜出词义。常见的这些词或词组有while, whereas, unlike,

but, yet, although, however, in contrast, on the other hand, rather than 等。如：

Jane was talking with others while Eliza remained reticent all the time.

⏹ 凭借常识和经验猜测词义。

The door was so low that I hit my head on the lintel.

⏹ 根据构词法来猜测词义。

如，一般来说前缀只增加或改变一个词的意义，但并不改变其词性。例如：supermarket ，foretell ，dissatisfied, uncomfortably等。

而后缀不但可以增加或改变一个词的意义，而且改变其词性。如washable 变动词“洗”为形容词“可洗的”，normalize 变形容词“正常的”为动词“使……正常化”，beginner 变动词“开始”为名词“初学者”，childless 则由名词“小孩”变为形容词“无子女的”。

第五步：解答主观题

⏹ 主题思想题：略读----跳过不重要的描述与例子 ，不要去记忆细节，遇到个别生词或难

懂的词句均可略过 ，略读时要特别注意文章的起始段和结束段以及文章中每一段的段首句和结尾句，因为它们往往是对文章内容最好的概括。

⏹ 推理题：从选项出发推理分析

⏹ 询问作者写作目的和态度题：要记忆一些常见的形容词，例如：sympathetic ；critical ；

doubtful ；objective ；enthusiastic ；matter-of-fact ；hostile ；satisfied ；friendly ；indifferent ；subjective ；optimistic ；pessimistic ；disappointed ；neutral ；supportive ；regretful 。

Sample ：

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:

There are many factors which may have an influence on adults and children being able to lead a healthy life.

Nowadays, people are very busy. Often, both parents work outside the home. Children are expected to take on more responsibility at home to help their parents. They also have sporting and leisure activities as well as school expectations.

The busyness also adds another factor: the need to use cars to get from one place to another quickly.

Today, society places a lot of emphasis on technology. Computers, DVDs. CDs, television, PlayStations and Xboxes have become major leisure activities, rather than traditional more active pursuits. This has led to a more sedentary lifestyle.

The media provide entertainment and information. Unfortunately, they also promote fast food which fits easily into busy lifestyles. It is much more convenient at times to buy a quick takeaway rather than prepare a meal. The media constantly bombard(轰炸) their audience with „perfect‟ body images, the need to buy the most fashionable clothes, the most up-to-date computer games, the best places to visit and the best things to do.

Environments vary. We may be exposed to pollution, such as cigarette smoke. This can be harmful to people who suffer from breathing difficulties. Environments where passive smoking is unavoidable make it difficult to lead a healthy life.

It is important factor influencing healthy lifestyles is motivation. Or the desire to be healthy. Any person who wants to be healthy will find a way to be healthy —if he/she is motivated enough!

1. The passage is mainly about _____.

A. benefits of a healthy life style

B. demands of daily life

C. factors affecting a healthy lifestyle

D. a positive approach to healthy living

2. The word “sedentary” in Paragraph 4 probable means _____.

A. having a lot of things to do

B. involving little exercise or physical activity

C. being isolated from the outside world

D. experiencing a lot of stress

3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as a factor leading to the popularity of fast food?

A. Cheap price. B. The media. C. Busy lifestyle. D. Convenience

4. Which is NOT listed as a factor influencing the ability to have a healthy lifestyle?

A. Pollution.

B. Economic factors.

C. Dependence upon cars.

D. Influence of family or friends.

5. According to the author, _____ may be the most important factor influencing healthy lifestyles.

A. technology B. cultural background C. environment D. the desire to be healthy

四、阅读理解练习

Reading Comprehension (30分, 40分钟)

Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

Passage 1

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:

I hear many parents complain that their teenage children are rebelling. I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. Y ou should be learning to stand on your own feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenagers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly on their own, most of them are holding one another‟s hands for reassurance(放心).

They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off

in new directions in music. But they all end up listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in such a way is that the crowd is doing it. They have come out of their cocoon(茧) into a larger cocoon. and to go his or her own way. Industry had firmly carved out a market for teenagers. These days every teenager can learn from the advertisements what a teenager should have and be. This is a great barrier for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path.

But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to listen to classical music instead of going to a party. You may want o collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. Y ou may have some thoughts that you don ‟t care to share at once with your classmates. Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come---with the people who respect you for who you are. That‟s the only kind of popularity that really counts.

1. The author‟s purpose in writing this passage is to tell __________.

A. readers how to be popular with people around

B. teenagers how to learn to make a decision for themselves

C. parents how to control and guide their children

D. people how to understand and respect each other

2. According to the author, many teenagers think they are brave enough to act on their own,

but in fact most of them _____________.

A. have much difficulty understanding each other

B. lack confidence

C. dare not cope with any problems alone

D. are very much afraid of getting lost

3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A. There is no popularity that really counts.

B. Many parents think that their children are challenging their authority.

C. It is not necessarily bad for a teenager to disagree with his or her classmates.

D. Most teenagers are actually doing the same.

4. The author thinks of advertisements as ________ to teenagers.

A. inevitable B. influential C. instructive D. attractive

5. The main idea of the last paragraph is that a teenager should ___________.

A. differ from others in as many ways as possible

B. become popular with others

C. find his real self

D. rebel against his parents and the popularity wave

Passage 2

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:

unemployment resulting from their introduction. Computers are often used as part of automated (自动化的) production systems requiring a least possible number of operators, causing the loss of many jobs. This has happened, for example, in many steelworks.

On the other hand, computers do create jobs. fewer in number than those they replace. Many activities could not continue in their present form

without computers, no matter how many people are employed. Examples are the check clearing(交换) system of major banks and the weather forecasting system.

When a firm introduces computers, a few people are employed in key posts (such as jobs of operations managers) while other staff are re-trained as operators, programmers, and data preparation staff. (78)After the new system has settled down, people in non-computer jobs are not This decrease is sometimes balanced by a substantial increase in the activity of the firm, resulting from the introduction of computers.

The attitudes of workers towards computers vary. There is fear of widespread unemployment and of the takeover of many jobs by computer-trained workers, making promotion for older workers not skilled in computers more difficult.

On the other hand, many workers regard the trend toward wider use of computers inevitable. They realize that computers bring about greater efficiency and productivity, which will improve the condition of the whole economy, and lead to the creation of more jobs. This view was supported by the former British Prime Minister, James Callaghan In 1979, when he made the point that new technologies hold the key to increased productivity, which will benefit the economy in the long run.

6. The unfriendly feeling towards computers is developed from ________.

A. the possible widespread unemployment caused by their introduction

B. their use as part of automated production systems

C. the least possible number of operators

D. the production system in steelworks

7. The underlined word “They ” (Line1, Para.2) refers to ____________.

A. computers B. jobs C. activities D. systems

8. According to Paragraph 2, without computers __________.

A. human activities could not continue

B. there could not be weather forecasting systems

C. many activities would have to change their present form

D. banks would not be able to go on with check clearing

9. According to the passage, what results from the introduction of computers?

A. After re-training, all employees in the firm get new jobs.

B. A considerable proportion of people are employed in key posts.

C. The firm keeps all of its original staff members.

D. The decrease in staff members may be balanced by the increase of firm activities.

10. James Callaghan‟s attitude towards computers can be best described as ___________.

A. doubtful B. regretful C. unfriendly D. supportive

Passage 3

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:

The vitamins necessary for a healthy body are normally supplied by a good mixed diet(饮食), An example of the dangers of a restricted diet may be seen in the disease known as “beri-beri ”

the early years of this century, a scientist named Eijkman was trying to discover the cause of “beri-beri ”. At first he thought it was caused by a germ. He was working in a Japanese hospital, where the patients were fed on polished rice which had the outer husk(外壳) removed from the grain. It was thought this would be easier for weak and sick people to digest.

Eijkman thought his germ theory was confirmed when he notices the chickens in the hospital yard, which were fed on leftovers(剩饭) from the patients‟ plates, were also showing signs of the disease. He then tried to isolate the germ, but his experiments were interrupted by a hospital official, who declared that the polished rice, even though left over by the patients, was too good for chickens. It should be recooked for the patients, and the chickens should be fed on cheap rice with the outer layer still on the grain.

Eijkman noticed that the chickens began to recover on the new diet. He began to consider the possibility that eating unpolished rice somehow prevented or cured “beri-beri ”---even that a lack of some element in the husk might be the cause of the disease. Indeed this was the case. The element needed to prevent “beri-beri ” was shortly afterwards isolated from rice husks and is now known as vitamin B. Nowadays, this terrible disease is much less common thanks to our knowledge of vitamins.

11. A good mixed diet ________.

A. normally contains enough vitamins

B. still needs special provision of vitamins

C. is suitable for losing weight

D. is composed of fruits and vegetables

12. The disease “beri-beri ” __________.

A. kills large number of Eastern peoples

B. is a vitamin deficiency (缺乏) disease

C. is caused by diseased rice

D. can be caught from diseased chickens

13. The chickens Eijkman noticed in the hospital yard __________.

A. couldn‟t digest the polished rice

B. proved “beri-beri ” is caused by germs

C. were later cooked for the patients‟ food

D. were suffering from “beri-beri ”

14. According to Eijkman, polished rice _________.

A. was cheaper than unpolished rice

B. was less nourishing(有营养的) than unpolished rice

C. was more nourishing than unpolished rice

D. cured “beri-beri ”

15. The chemical substance missing from polished rice ________.

A. was vitamin B

B. did not affect the chickens

C. was named the Eijkman vitamin

D. has never been accurately identified