德班世界气候变化大会

德班世界气候大会

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全称：《联合国气候变化框架公约》第十七次缔约方大会暨《京都议定书》第七次缔约方会议； 时间：11月28日——12月9日；

地点：南非港口城市德班；

主要议题：1、确定发达国家在《京都议定书》第二承诺期的量化减排指标；2、明确非公约发达国家在公约下承担与其它发达国家可比的减排承诺；3、落实有关资金、技术转让方面的安排；4、细化《坎昆协议》中有关“三合”和透明度的具体安排。

《联合国气候变化框架公约》

 简介： 《公约》规定发达国家为缔约方，应采取措施限制温室气体排放，同时要向发展中国家提

供新的额外资金以支付发展中国家履行《公约》所需增加的费用。

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 结构和成员国：到目前为止已有192个国家批准了《联合国气候变化框架公约》。 合作机构：与全球环境基金合作，向穷困国家转让资金，支援减排。

11月28日至12月9日，联合国气候变化框架公约第17次缔约方会议将在南非德班召开，《京都议定书》第二承诺期的存续问题，将是德班大会期待解决的首个关键问题。发展中国家普遍支持将2013年后定为《京都议定书》第二承诺期，而发达国家对此则颇多推诿。俄罗斯、加拿大和日本明确表示不签字；之前退出《京都议定书》的美国，一直希望采取自愿承诺减排体系。

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 德班：“中国角”亮相 展示减排努力 德班大会描绘低碳“路线图” 中国：某些发达国家“立场倒退” 德班气候大会：联合国批评发达国家消极谈判

会议信息

会 议：COP17/CMP7

地 点：南非德班

时 间：11月28日-12月9日

主 题：共同努力 拯救明天

议 题：确定发达国家《京都议定书》第2承诺期指标等

专题回顾：

评论：德班气候大会争论的焦点何在 http://www.sina.com.cn 2011年12月03日14:32 新浪环保 微博

这几天德班会议上评选出的最热门的词汇是“法律约束力(legally binding)”和“强制力(mandate)”，最热的话题是新的全球气候变化条约。在今年的巴拿马非正式会议上，澳大利亚和挪威政府代表团共同提交了一份建议书，提出对发达国家在京都议定书和长期合作行动中的减排目标进行有法律约束力的规定，同时对主要经济体的国家也要做出有强制性的减排承诺。这个提议触发了在德班会议上讨论是否有一强制性的程序需要，在公约和京都议定书的框架下启动一个新的全球气候变化条约。

热门的话题不仅议论多，争论也多。许多国家对2015年前制定一个有法律约束力和强制力的公约，指导2020年以后(或2018年以后)全球应对气候变化的行动产生了分歧。欧盟、日本、澳大利亚和几个发展中国家要求新的、全球和全面的、有法律约束力的框架(减缓)。这个减排框架包括所有主要经济体，并希望在德班会议上得到授权，启动新条约的谈判程序。 德班会议授权的建议受到一些发展中国家的反对。沙特、埃及和尼泊利亚表示，在巴厘行动计划(BAP)下，在京都议定书和长期合作行动工作组所进行的工作必须要完成并产生效果。也就是说，先要把巴厘会议授权的京都议定书第二承诺期和长期合作行动的谈判进行完毕并付之实施。

显然，主要的分歧表现在于，发达国家希望用一个新的条约来取代京都议定书，而几乎所有发展中国家(包括小岛屿国家联盟和贫穷发展中国家联盟)都希望发达国家在京都议定书第二承诺期上做出承诺。但在是否需要启动新程序来讨论一个新的气候变化条约的问题上，发展中国家内部产生了较大的分歧。

摆在我们面前的问题是，从2007年的巴哩行动计划开始，估计在2009年哥本哈根COP15大会上可以完成双轨制的谈判。事实是，谈判被拖进2011年德班大会且仍未得到解决。急匆匆要分散主要精力去搞一个新的条约，其目的是什么？有无实现的政治基础和愿望？在双轨制的现有工作框架下，遵循联合国的规则和实现更强有力的减排行动，最重要的目标和谈判成果是什么？气候变化贵在实际行动，眼前的阶段尚未完成，是否要陷入另一轮旷日持久、不知何时终止的“谈判清谈”和“谈判马拉松”。紧接着的问题是，各国代表团对新的气候变化条约，目前能作出什么承诺，在联合国多边框架下，新的条约的目的是什么？程序是什么？时间表是什么？这些问题德班能解决吗？如果不能，德班会议的效果是什么？仅仅等同于一个非正式的谈判会议？

中国代表团苏伟团长明确地指出，现在关键的是如何落实和推进这几年的谈判成果，并尽快实施和付之行动。发达国家有责任做出更高的承诺目标，但政治意愿不高，推动艰难。资金支持和绿色气候基金都迟迟未落实，不希望看到绿色气候基金是个空架子，是个空壳。中国代表团在法律形式的议题上，在对待长期合作行动中的法律约束力和强制力问题，是灵活的和积极参与的。

中国在“十一五”的节能减排减碳中，取得了很大的成效，中国在“十二五”和“十三五”中有信心和能力，取得更好的成绩。在2020年以后，中国仍将继续和强化节能减排减碳的目标和行动。这些规划仍然是有法律依据的、有强制力的。事实是，中国现在和将来都认为气候变化的公约是有法律依据的，是有强制力的。中国国内的法律体制和对气候变化的重视，使中国在国际气候谈判中游刃有余。千里之行，始于足下；应对变化，贵在行动。

Full name: "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change," The Seventeenth Conference of the Parties and the "Kyoto Protocol" Seventh Meeting of the Parties;

Time: November 28 - December 9;

Location: South African port city of Durban;

Main topics: 1, to determine the developed countries in the "Kyoto Protocol" commitment period of the second quantified emission reduction targets; 2, a clear non-convention countries under the Convention comparable with other developed countries take emission reduction commitments; 3, the

implementation of the funds, technology transfer arrangements; 4, refinement of the "Cancun agreement" on a "triple" and transparency arrangements. "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change."

• Introduction: "Convention" provides for the Parties to the developed countries should take measures to limit greenhouse gas emissions while developing countries to provide new and additional funds to cover the developing countries to meet "the Convention" The additional costs.

• Structure and Member States: So far, 192 countries have ratified the "United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change."

• Partners: Cooperation with the Global Environment Fund, the transfer of funds to poor countries to support the reduction.

November 28 to December 9, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 17th Conference of the Parties will be held in Durban, South Africa, the "Kyoto Protocol" commitment period of the existence of the second question, looking forward to the Durban conference will be addressed first key issues. General support for developing countries after 2013 as the "Kyoto Protocol" commitment period, while the developed countries which is quite a lot of prevarication. Russia, Canada and Japan have not signed; out before the "Kyoto Protocol" in the United States, has been hoping to take a voluntary commitment to emission reduction system.

• Durban: "Chinese Corner" debut show efforts to reduce emissions • describe carbon Durban Conference "road map"

• China: some developed countries "stand back"

• Climate Conference in Durban: The United Nations criticized the negotiations developed negative

Meeting Information

Meeting: COP17/CMP7

Venue: Durban, South Africa

Time: November 28-December 9

Subject: working together to save tomorrow.

Issues: to determine the developed countries, "Kyoto Protocol" commitment period of 2 indicators

Thematic Review:

Commentary: Climate Conference in Durban where the focus of debate http://www.sina.com.cn 2011 年 12 月 03 日 14:32 Sina microblogging environment

These days the Durban Conference selected the most popular word is "legally binding (legally binding)" and "coercive power (mandate)", the hottest topic is a new global climate change treaty. At this year's informal meeting in Panama, Australia and Norway delegations to submit a proposal, put forward in the Kyoto Protocol for developed countries and long-term cooperative action in the legally binding emission reduction targets for the provisions, while the main economy countries should also make a mandatory emission reduction commitments. The proposal triggered a meeting in Durban to discuss whether there is a mandatory program requires, in the framework of the Convention and the Kyoto Protocol to start a new global climate change treaty.

Hot topic not only talk more, controversy abound. 2015 in many countries to develop a legally binding and enforceable convention, guide since 2020 (or after 2018) Global action on climate change had a disagreement. EU, Japan, Australia and several countries require new, global and comprehensive, legally binding framework (slow). This reduction framework includes all the major

economies, and hope the meeting in Durban is authorized to start a new treaty negotiation process.

Authorized by the Durban Conference recommended against by some developing countries. Saudi Arabia, Egypt and Elijah Nebo said, in the Bali Action Plan (BAP) under the Kyoto Protocol and long-term cooperative action of the Working Group carried out the work must be completed and producing results. In other words, the first Bali meeting should authorize the second commitment period of Kyoto Protocol and long-term cooperative action of the negotiations are completed and put into effect.

Clearly, the performance of the main differences is that developed countries would like to use a new treaty to replace the Kyoto Protocol, and almost all developing countries (including small island developing States and the poor Union) want developed countries in the Kyoto Protocol second commitment term commitment on. However, the need to launch a new program to discuss a new treaty on climate change, developing countries have a larger internal differences.

The question before us is miles from Pakistan in 2007 began the Action Plan is estimated at COP15 conference in Copenhagen in 2009 to complete two-track negotiations. The fact is that negotiations were dragged into the 2011 Durban Conference and have not yet been resolved. Primary energy to engage in a hurry to spread a new treaty, is its purpose? Whether the political foundation and desire to achieve? Work in the framework of the existing two-track system, follow the rules and achieve the United Nations stronger emission reduction actions, the most important goals and outcome of the

negotiations that? Climate change your actions in real, immediate and not yet completed, is to fall into another round of protracted, I do not know when to terminate the "negotiation talk" and "marathon negotiations." Then the problem is that delegations to the new climate change treaty, currently able to make any commitment to the multilateral framework of the United Nations, the new treaty is the purpose? What is the procedure? What is the timetable? Durban these problems be fixed? If not, the effect of the Durban Conference is what? Only equivalent to an informal negotiating sessions?

Su Wei, Chinese delegation head clear that the key now is how to implement and promote the outcome of the negotiations in recent years, and as soon as possible and pay the operation. Developed countries have a responsibility to make a higher commitment to goals, but political will is not high, push hard. Financial support and all the green climate fund has not yet been implemented, do not want to see Green Climate Fund is a basket case, an empty shell. In the legal form of the Chinese delegation on the issue of long-term cooperative

action in dealing with the issue of legally binding and enforceable, is flexible and active participation.

China's "Eleventh Five-Year" in the energy saving and carbon reduction, achieved great success, the Chinese in the "five" and "Thirteen five" in the confidence and ability to achieve better results. In 2020, China will continue and strengthen the energy saving and carbon reduction goals and actions. These plans still have a legal basis, there are mandatory force. The fact is that China now and in the future that climate change convention is a legal basis, there is a mandatory force. China's domestic legal system and the importance of climate change, making China its capability in the international climate negotiations. A thousand miles begins with one step; respond to change, in your actions