通用焊接标准
CSPC NANHAI PETROCHEMICALS PROJECT
南 海 石 化 项 目
通用焊接标准
PROJECT PROCEDURE: WI-8710-8100-0022
项目程序: WI-8710-8100-0022
SEPCO Electric Power Construction Corporation
山东电力基本建设总公司
修改记录 Revision Information
通用焊接标准 GENERAL WELDING STANDARD
目 录 TABLE OF CONTENTS
标题 Title 页码Page 1.目的 Purpose 3 2.范围Scope 3.焊工资质Welder Performance Qualification 4.母材及焊材Base Material and Welding Material 5.焊前准备Preparation before welding 6.焊接工艺 Welding procedure 7. 焊后热处理Postweld Heat Treatment 8. 缺陷修补Repair Of Defects 9. 参考规范 referenace Codes 附件1 Attachment 1
3 3 3 5 13 22 20 22 23
1.目的 Purpose
本程序规范了中海壳牌南海石化工程汽电联产项目中SEPCO要求SEP1和SEP2进行焊接所遵循的通用标准,以确保其焊接工作符合工程设计及规范的要求。This procedure provides the general standard that SEPCO requires SEP1, SEP2 follow in their welding, to ensure them compliance with applicable project, design and Code requirements on the Steam & Power Project of CSPC Nanhai Petrochemicals Project. 2.范围Scope
本通用焊接标准应结合SEPCO的焊接工艺规程(WPS),应用于在中海壳牌南海石化工程汽电联产项目中锅炉、承压管道、压力容器和钢结构的焊接工作。
This General Welding Standard is to be used in conjunction with SEPCO Welding Procedure Specifications (WPS) and applies for welding work of boiler, pressure piping, pressure vessel and steel structure on the Steam & Power Project of CSPC Nanhai Petrochemicals Project. 3. 焊工资质Welder Performance Qualification
3.1每个焊工已经通过中国劳动局举行的相关考试,并且在现场作业之前通过了在承包商测试设施上
现场举行的焊工资格认定测试,按照ASME标准第九卷评定合格。has passed the tests given by the appropriate Chinese Labor Bureau and hasw passed a welder qualification test conducted on site at the contractors test facility before being permitted to perform any welding on site. Each welder is qualified in accordance with ASME Section IX requirements.
3.2 测试通过后,要求焊工参加SEPCO为说明项目焊接基本要求举行的培训班。After successful
testing, welders will be required to attend a training class given by SEPCO to explain the basic project welding requirements.
4.母材及焊材Base Material and Welding Material
4.1 现场被焊接的金属材料,应该经过焊接工艺评定试验或已有对应的合格的焊接工艺评定报告,
才能被焊接。
It should be proceed for metal at site to pass testing of welding qualification or there have be an applicable PQR.
4.2 可以焊接已经镀锌或涂有带锌底漆的碳钢材料,不管涂层是不是去掉。如果在没有去除涂层的
情况下进行焊接,要使用纤维素焊条例如E6010,用SMAW进行焊接。
Carbon steel materials that have been galvanized or coated with zinc base paints may be welded with or without removal of the coating. If welding is performed without removal of the coating, welding shall be performed with the SMAW process using a cellulous electrode such as E6010.
4.3 已经镀锌或涂有带锌底漆的母材不能焊在奥氏体不锈钢或镍基母材上。即使当镀锌或带锌底漆
用机械或化学方式去除,也不允许焊接。
Base material that have been galvanized or coated with zinc base paints shall not be welded to austenitic stainless steel or nickel base materials. Welding is not permitted even when the galvanize or zinc base paint is removed by mechanical or chemical means. 4.4 焊接材料应有制造厂的质量合格证。
Welding consumables must have the manufacturer’s quality certificate.
4.5 (1) 焊条、焊丝应存放于干燥、通风良好的库房内,各类焊条必须分类、分牌号堆放,避
免混乱。搬运过程轻拿轻放,不要损伤药皮,对药皮强度较差的焊条,如不锈钢焊条,更要注意。焊条码放不可过高
(2)仓库内,保持室温在0°C以上,相对湿度小于60%。
(3)各类存储时,必须离地面高300mm,离墙壁300mm以上存放,以免受潮。 (4)一般焊条一次出库量不能超过两天的用量,已经出库的焊条,必须要保管好。焊条使用前应按其说明书要求进行烘焙,重复烘焙不得超过两次。焊丝使用前应清除锈垢和油污,直至露出金属光泽。
(1) Electrodes and wires shall be stored in a dry, well-ventilated warehouse, where all kinds of electrode and others must be sorted and discriminated type, to abstain confusion. it
is important to don’t damnify the skin of electrode in transit and use, for stainless steel electrode and which with low intensity of skin to pay attention sufficiently. Pile of the electrodes should not be overhigh.
(2) maintain the temperature in warehouse is above 0°C, relative humidity is less than 60%.
(3) when electrodes and others are stored, the distance from ground and wall must be bigger than 300mm,to not be affected with damp.
(4) Usually the quantities that electrode are taken out from warehouse every time should not exceed quantities to be used in two days, the electrodes to have been take out must be keep well. Before the electrodes are used, they must be baked in accord with instruction, to re-bake should not exceed two times. The wires must be clean out rust、dirty、oil, until metal shine.
4.6 钨极氩弧焊用的电极,宜采用铈钨棒,所用氩气纯度不低于99.96%。
The electrodes used in TIG welding should adopt cerium tungsten rods. The purity of the argon used shall be no less than 99.96%. 5 焊前准备Preparation before welding
5.1 母材准备和坡口制作Preparation of Base Materials and groove preparation 5.1.1材料的最终表面制备要通过气割、电弧切割、机加工、锉削或打磨来进行。
The final surface preparation of materials may be prepared by oxyfuel cutting, arc cutting, machining, filing or grinding.
5.1.2所有铁基或非铁基材料都可以进行电弧切割,但切割后的表面要进行打磨、锉削或机械加工,
以去除淬硬层和氧化膜,直至露出光亮的金属光泽。
Arc cutting may be used on all ferrous and nonferrous materials provided the surface is ground, filed or machined to remove quenching coat and scale and back to bright clean metal.
5.1.3如果切割前,满足应用的WPS上规定的预热要求,可以对碳钢和合金钢进行气割或电弧切割,
而且焊接前,焊接接头表面要进行打磨、锉削或机加工成光亮金属。
Oxyful or arc cutting may be used on carbon and alloy steels provided the preheat requirements listed on the applicable WPS are met prior to cutting and the weld joint surfaces are ground, filed or machined back to bright clean metal prior to welding. 5.1.4 在组对和焊接前,坡口表面及其外侧20mm内应清洁,去除所有油脂、锈蚀、氧化层或其它
杂质,应通过锉削、刷光、打磨或使用许可的溶剂去除。
Prior to fit-up and welding, the groove face and adjacent surfaces about 20mm shall be cleaned and remove all grease . rust, scale or other foreign material, They shall be removed by filing, brushing, grinding, or by the use of approved solvents. 5.1.5铁金属上可以使用防锈剂,防止锈蚀,并且焊接前不需要去除。
Rust inhibitor may be used on ferrous materials to prevent rusting and need not be removed prior to welding.
5.1.6坡口表面应平滑、均匀,并且没有毛刺、飞溅物、裂纹和其它可能严重影响焊接质量或强度的
夹层。
The grove surfaces shall be smooth, uniform and free from fins, tears, cracks and other discontinuities which can adversely affect the quality or strength of the weld. 5.2接头形式及组装Joint Configuration and Assembly
5.2.1接头坡口角度、间距及其它详细情况应符合设计图纸或WPS,如无规定时,坡口的形式和尺
寸应按能保证焊接质量、填充金属量少、改善劳动条件、便于操作、减少焊接应力和变形、适应探伤要求等原则选用。焊接接头基本形式及尺寸见附件1。
The joint bevel angle, spacing and other details shall be in accordance with designed drawings and WPS. If there is no applicable code, the form and size of the grove shall be selected according to the following principles: ensure the welding quality, decrease the quantity of filler metal, improve working condition, easy to operation, decrease welding
stress and distortion and conform to detection requirements, etc. The basic form and size of welding joints see Attachment
5.2.2 对接管口端面应与管子中心线垂直。其偏斜度⊿f不得超过表1的规定。
The butt pipe end shall be perpendicular to the pipe central line. The degree of skewness⊿f must not exceed the requirement of Table 1.
表1 管子端面与管中心线的偏斜度要求
Table 1 The Skewness Requirement between the Pipe End Face and Pipe Central Line
5.2.3焊件对口时一般应做到内壁齐平,如有错口。其错口值应符合以下要求:对接单面焊的局部错
口值不应超过壁厚的10%,且不大1mm;对接双面焊的局部错口值不应超过焊件厚度的10%,且不大于3mm。
The inner walls generally shall be flush with each other during weldment joint. The dislocation if any shall be in accordance with the following requirements:Partial dislocation of butt single welding shall not exceed 10% of the wall thickness, and shall be no less than 1mm.Partial dislocation of butt both sides welding shall not exceed 10% of the weldment thickness, and shall be no less than 3mm. 5.2.4不同厚度焊件对口时,其厚度差可按下列方法处理:
The thickness differences between weldments of different thickness during joint shall be treated with the following methods:
5.2.4.1内壁尺寸不相等而外壁齐平时,可加工成图1的形式。
If the sizes of the inner walls are unequal but the outer walls are flush, the joint parts can be processed into the forms showed in Drawing 1.
图1 Drawing 1
δ2-δ1≤10
δ2-δ1≥10
5.2.4.2外壁尺寸不相等时,可加工成图2的形式。
If the sizes of outer walls are flush, they can be processed into the forms showed in Drawing 2.
图2 Drawing 2
δ2-δ1>10
δ2-δ1≤10
5.2.4.3内外壁尺寸均不相等时,可加工成图3的形式。
If the sizes of both the inner and the outer walls are unequal, they can be processed into the forms showed in Drawing 3.
图3 Drawing 3.
5.2.4.4内壁尺寸不相等,厚度差≤5mm时,在不影响焊件强度的条件下可加工成图4的形式。
If the sizes of both the inner and the outer walls are unequal and the thickness difference≤5mm, they can be processed into the forms showed in Drawing 4 while not affecting welding stress.
图4 Drawing 4
5.2.5进行角焊连接的部件接触要尽可能紧密,根部间隙不能超过5mm(厚度大于或等于76mm的
除外)。如果校正后,根部间隙不能充分紧闭满足公差,如果使用合适的衬垫材料,最大8mm的根部间隙是可接受的。如果根部间隙大于1.6mm,角焊的焊脚增加根部间隙的量。 Parts to be joined by fillet welds shall be brought into as close contact as practical. The root opening shall not exceed 5mm except in cases involving shapes or plate 76mm or greater in thickness. If after strengthen, the root opening cannot be closed sufficiently to meet this tolerance ,a maximum root opening of 8mm is acceptable provided suitable backing is used. If the separation is greater than 1.6mm, the leg of the fillet weld shall be increased by the amount of the root opening.
5.2.6用于加强坡口焊接的角焊缝除外,角焊缝的最小尺寸规定在表2里。但角焊缝的厚度不须超过
所连接的较薄侧件的厚度。
The minimum fillet weld size, except weld fillet used to reinforce groove welds, shall be as specified in Table 2.
表2
Table 2
沿着材料边缘的最大角焊尺寸为:
The maximum fillet weld size detailed along edges of material shall be:
5.2.6.1母材金属厚度低于6.4mm时,如图5所示。
the thickness of the base metal for metal less than 6.4mm thick as shown in
Drawing 5:
图5
Drawing 5
5.2.6.2母材金属的厚度大于或等于6.4mm时,可以比母材少1.6mm,如图6所示。图纸上
特殊要求的除外。
6mm less than the thickness of the base metal for metal 6.4mm or more in thickness,
as shown in Drawing 6, unless the weld is designated particularly on the drawing.
图6
Drawing 6
间断角焊的最小长度应为38mm。
The minimum length of an intermittent fillet shall be 38mm.
5.2.7角焊缝表面可以稍微凸起,扁平或稍微凹进,但焊脚尺寸应满足图纸或设计要求,不能有严重
咬边、未熔合等缺陷。
The faces of fillet welds may be slightly convex, flat, or slightly concave. But the legs shall meet the requirements of drawing or design, without any deficiency such as serious
undercut, nonfusion, etc..
5.2.8对于管型结构部件,角焊连接的部件间的间隙不能大于5mm。如果间隙为1.6mm或大于
1.6mm,角焊的焊脚要增加间隙的量。禁止填塞杂物,在图纸或工程设计上规定的除外。 For tubular structural members, the gap between parts to be joined by fillet welds, shall not be greater than 5mm. If the gap is 1.6mm or greater, the leg of fillet weld shall be increased by the amount of separation. The use of fillers is prohibited except as specified on the
applicable drawing or by Project Engineering.
5.3 衬垫材料Backing Material
5.3.1衬垫材料,包括非熔衬底材料和以后要去除的衬底材料,应是使用相应的WPS中规定的材料。
Backing material, including nonfusing backing materials and backing materials to be
subsequently removed, shall be as specified in the applicable WPS.
5.3.2 当WPS上未规定时,衬底要用与衬底材料相同组编号的材料制作。
When not specified in WPS, backing shall be made from material having the same group number as that of the base materials.
5.3.3 对于整个焊口长度,钢衬底应是连续的,焊缝金属要与衬底材料彻底熔合。
Steel backing shall be made continuous for the full length of the weld. The weld metal shall be thoroughly fused with the backing.
5.3.4 建议衬垫的最小标称厚度为SMAW-5mm,GMAW-6.4mm。
The suggested minimum nominal thickness of the backing is recommended to be:
SMAW-5mm,GMAW-6.4mm.
5.4 母材的修补Repair of Base Material
5.4.1无意中被损坏的现有母材要进行如下修补:
Base materials that are inadvertently damaged shall be repaired as follow:
5.4.1.1对于厚度低于25mm的材料:如果通过打磨或敲打去除锐边而造成0.8mm深的区域
是可接受的。
For material less than 25mm in thickness: Areas up to 0.8mm deep are acceptable
provided any sharp edges are removed by grinding or flapping.
5.4.1.2对于厚度大于或等于25mm的材料:如果通过打磨或敲打去除锐边而造成1.6mm深的
区域是可接受的。
For material 25mm and greater in thickness: Areas up to 1.6mm deep are
acceptable provided any sharp edges are removed by grinding or flapping.
只能从一侧修补的部件,在开槽的底部,材料至少要留出3.2mm厚,以免焊透。可以从两侧修补的部件没有最大修补深度,可以先从一侧焊接,然后反向打磨露出光亮金属,然后从另一侧重新焊接。
The maximum depth of repair for components that are accessible from one side shall be such that a minimum of 3.2mm thickness of existing material is left in the bottom of the
cavity to preclude burn-thru. Components accessible from both sides have no maximum depth of repair. The weld shall be made from one side then back ground to bright clean
metal and then rewelded from other side.
5.4.2超过以上5.4.1里规定范围的区域,要通过以下打磨/焊接方法返修:
Areas in excess of those stated in 5.4.1, shall be reworked by grinding/welding as follow:
5.4.2.1打磨气孔,使要返修的区域达到尽可能平滑的表面,没有过深的沟槽。
Prepare area to be reworked by grinding the cavity to achieve reasonably smooth
surfaces free from excessive notches.
5.4.2.2被焊接的表面要清洁成光亮金属,所有灰尘、油和油脂都要去除。
The surface to be welded shall be cleaned to bright metal. All dirt, oil and grease
shall be removed.
5.4.2.3使用焊接工程师或其指定人选择的合格的WPS,通过焊接把母材恢复到正常厚度。
焊前要按照表3和适用的WPS预热。完成的焊缝要打磨到与母材齐平,修补完成后
进行外观检查。
Restore base material to full thickness by welding using a qualified WPS selected
by the welding engineer or his designee. Preheat as required by Table 3 and
applicable WPS. The completed weld shall be ground flush and blended into
surrounding area. The completed repair shall be visually examined.
6.焊接工艺 Welding Processes
6.1预热和层间温度Preheat and Interpass Temperature
6.1.1焊接过程中,要保持表3里规定的最小预热温度。
The minimum preheat temperature specified in Table 3 shall be maintained during all
welding.
表3 焊前预热温度
Table 3 PreheatTemperature before Welding
6.1.2可以使用电阻热、火焰或能在整个预热区域提供均匀加热的其它方法进行预热,预热温度在整
个焊接接头厚度上应均匀。
Preheating may be performed using electrical resistance, oxyfuel, or other methods that will provide uniform heating over the entire preheat area, which shall include the full thickness of the material at the joint.
6.1.3对于规定的等于或大于100℃的预热温度,要在离坡口边缘25-50mm的位置上使用温度指示
笔或接触式高温计,核查温度。
For specified preheat temperature equal to or greater than 100℃, the temperature shall be verified by the use of temperature indicating crayon or contact pyrometers at a location
25-50mm from the bevel edges.
6.1.4对于涉及异种钢焊接的接头,预热温度要按被焊接的强度较高的钢来选。
In joints involving combination of base materials, preheat temperature shall be specified according to the higher strength steels being welded.
6.1.5 对于超过100℃的预热温度,在熔敷金属达到至少坡口厚度的1/5或6.4mm中的较小者之前
不能中断焊接。
For preheat in excess of 100℃ welding shall not be interrupted until at least 1/5 of the weld groove is filled or the weld thickness reaches 6.4mm, whichever is less.
6.1.6如果焊接由于任何原因中断,接头应缓慢冷却,在重新开始焊接前,要进行外观检查,如果发
现缺陷,要进行修补。重新开始焊接前要重新预热。
If welding is interrupted for any reason, the joint shall be allowed to cool slowly. Before
welding is resumed, a visual examination shall be conducted. If defects are detected,
repairs shall be repaired. Preheat shall be restablished before welding is resumed.
6.2位置Position
6.2.1 对于经过评定的完全和部分焊透接头,要在WPS里规定的焊接位置上进行焊接。
For prequalified complete and partial penetration groove welded joints, welding shall be
performed in a welding positions that are specified in the WPS.
6.2.2 对于经过试验合格的焊接程序,要在WPS里规定的一个合格的焊接位置上进行焊接。
For welding procedures that have been qualified by tests, welding shall be performed in one of the qualified welding positions that are specified in the WPS.
6.2.3 对于3G,5G和6G位置要上向焊接,除非WPS里许可。当预热温度最低70°F时,咬边可
以垂直向下修补。对于2G,4G或6G位置的焊接,焊缝金属要严格使用不摆动焊接技术。对于3G和5G位置的焊接,可以使用横向摆动技术或不摆动技术。
The welding progression shall be upward for the 3G, 5G and 6G position unless otherwise permitted in the WPS. Under cut may be repaired vertically downwards when the preheat is a minimum of 70°F. For welding in the 2G, 4G or 6G positions, the weld metal shall be
deposited using the stringer bead technique. For welding in the 3G and 5G positions, a
weave or stringer bead technique may be used.
6.2.4在管型结构里,立焊可以向上或向下进行,但只能在焊工认定合格的方向进行。
In tubular structures, the progression of vertical welding may be upwards or downwards, but only in the directions for which the welder is qualified.
6.3熔敷金属厚度范围Deposited Thickness Limitation
6.3.1对于经过评定,使用SMAW工艺的接头。
For prequalified joints using the SMAW process.
6.3.1.1单焊道角焊缝和多焊道角焊缝的根部焊道的最大尺寸为:
The maximum size of single pass fillet welds and root passes of multiple pass fillet
welds shall be:
平焊位置10mm
10mm in flat position
横焊或仰焊位置8mm
8mm in the horizontal or overhead position
立焊位置13mm
13mm in the vertical position
6.3.1.2坡口焊和角焊根部焊道之后的单层厚度最大为:
The maximum thickness of layers subsequent to root passes of groove and fillet
welds shall be:
平焊位置3.2mm
3.2mm in flat position
立焊、横焊或仰焊位置5mm
5mm in the horizontal, vertical or overhead position
6.3.1.3坡口焊根部焊道的最大厚度为6.4mm。
The maximum thickness of root passes in groove welds shall be 6.4mm.
6.3.2对于经过评定,使用FCAW和GMAW工艺的接头:
For prequalified joints using the FCAW and GMAW process:
6.3.2.1单焊道角焊的最大尺寸为:
The maximum size of single pass fillet welds shall be:
平焊和立焊位置13mm
13mm in flat and vertical position
横焊位置10mm
10mm in horizontal position
仰焊位置8mm
8mm in overhead position
6.3.2.2坡口焊单焊道的最大厚度为6.4mm,根部焊道和盖面层除外。
The maximum thickness of weld layers in groove welds, except root or surface
layers, is 6.4mm.
6.4 工艺Processes
6.4.1焊接工艺、焊接工艺的组合以及工艺参数应在适用的WPS里规定。
The welding process or combination of welding processes, and process variables shall be as specified in the applicable WPS.
6.4.2每一份焊接工艺规程(WPS)都要依照相应施工规范的要求进行评定。
Each WPS shall be qualified in accordance with the requirements of the applicable
construction code.
6.4.3 在大风期间不能进行焊接,除非焊工和部件进行了适当的保护。如果接合面上出现潮湿,接
头要使用许可的溶剂、火炬、电气预热设备或其它许可的方法进行干燥。
Welding shall not be performed during periods of high wind, unless the welder and the parts are properly shield. If moisture is present on joint surfaces, the joint shall be dried by use of an approved solvent, flame torch, electrical preheat equipment, or other engineering
approved methods.
6.4.4附件应通过切割或打磨从母材上去除,当使用热切割去除附件时,要留约3.2mm以通过打磨
最终去除。打磨区域要外观检查有无缺陷,发现的缺陷要通过打磨的方法去除干净,由现场焊接工程师选择合格的WPS进行重新焊接。
Attachment shall be may be removed off the base material by cutting or grinding .When thermal cutting is used to remove attachment, approximately 3.2mm shall be left for final removal by grinding. The grounding area shall be visually examined for defects. Any defect found shall be removed by grinding . Rewelding shall be performed with a qualified WPS selected by the field welding engineer.
6.4.5点固焊要完全符合该标准,如果不去除,就要用满足最终焊接要求的焊条进行焊接。多焊道点
固焊缝端部要有台阶。点固焊缝要和最终焊缝的质量要求相同。
Tack welds shall be in full accordance with this standard and, if not removed shall be made with electrodes meeting the requirements of the final welds. Multiple pass tack welds shall have cascaded ends. Tack welds shall be subject to the same quality requirements as the final welds.
6.4.6从两侧进行的完全焊透接头,在从另一侧焊接前,第一层焊缝的根部要刨削、铲凿、打磨或机
加工到优质金属。调质钢或正火钢不能用火焰进行清根。
On full penetration joints welded from both sides, the root of the first weld shall be gouged, clipped and ground or machined to sound metal prior to welding the other side. Oxyfuel
gouging shall not be used on steels that are identified as quenched and tempered or
normalized.
6.4.7在焊接下一焊道前,上一焊道要要清理掉焊渣或其它杂质。
Each weld bead shall be cleaned essentially free of slag or other foreign material before depositing successive beads.
6.4.8对于找正或控制变形,允许一个或多个未焊完的焊道,部分焊道也可以焊到未填满状态。必要
时,为控制找正或变形,要控制焊接顺序和采取对称焊。
For purposes of maintaining alignment or controlling distortion, it is permitted that one or more partial layer be welded without completing a layer. Partial layers may also be welded to correct underfill conditions. Controlled sequencing and balanced welding shall be used where necessary to control alignment and distortion.
6.4.9通常不允许焊缝喷砂硬化,但可以在明确的设计许可下进行。在任何情况下,都不允许在焊道
或焊口的最终焊层进行喷砂硬化。允许使用手动除渣锤、手铲和轻型振动工具除渣和除焊瘤。 Peening of welds is generally not permitted but may be performed with specific engineering approval. In any case, peening shall not be permitted on the root or final of a layer of a weld. The use of manual slag hammers, chisels and lightweight vibrating tools for removal of
slag.
6.4.10焊接接头直到完成无损检测,并且合格后才能喷漆。
Weld joints shall not be painted until after NDE and the weld has been accepted.
6.5保护气体Shielding Gas
在WPS里要规定保护气体的成分和流速。
The composition and flow rate of shielding gases shall be as specified in the WPS.
6.6 电气特性Electrical Characteristics
在应用的WPS里要规定适用的电流和电压。
Amperage and voltage shall be specified in the applicable WPS.
7. 焊后热处理Post Weld Heat Treatment
7.1 焊后热处理如WPS里的规定,否则,要根据适用的工作规范或图纸的要求。如果需要进行焊
后热处理,要符合相关的标准要求。
Postweld heat treatment shall be as specified in the WPS or otherwise required by the
applicable job specifications or drawings. When required, postweld heat treatment shall be performed in accordance with applicable Code requirements.
7.2 热处理的测温必须准确可靠,应采用自动温度记录,所用检测仪器应经过校验,灵敏度不低于
热处理温度的1%。
The temperature measure of Heat Treatment should be exact ,It should use auto-
temperature note,measuring instrument shall be calibrated and its sensitivity shall be not less than 1% of heat treatment temperature.
8. 缺陷修补Repair of Defects
8.1 完成焊接后,凡超过工作规范要求的验收标准的缺陷都要去除,并按照下列顺序修补:
After welding has been completed, defects in excess of the applicable acceptance standard required in the job specification shall be removed and repaired in accordance with the
following sequences:
8.1.1 可以通过碳弧气刨、铲凿或磨削来去除焊缝缺陷。毛刺、氧化层和焊渣要通过打磨、锉削或
机加工来去除。
Defect of weld shall be repaired by air carbon-arc gouging, spading or grinding. Process of Grinding or machining shall be used to remove doss, scale and slag.
8.1.2 去除气孔后要留出平滑表面,没有过多的沟槽或能形成夹渣或造成未熔合的缺陷。
It shall leave the smooth surfaces after the pore’s being be removed ,free of excessive
notches or other harmful irregularities which could trap slag trap slag or cause lack of
fusion.
8.1.3 焊接前,被焊接的表面要清洁成光亮金属。灰垢、油和油脂要用干净的布擦掉或者用溶剂比
如丙酮、酒精去除。
Prior to welding, the surface to be welded shall be cleaned to bright metal. Dirt, oil or grease shall be removed by wiping with a clean cloth and a solvent such as acetone or alcohol.
8.1.4 修补的预热温度、焊后热处理和修补后的无损探伤应该和原来的焊接接头的要求相同,标准
或工作规范另有规定除外。
Preheat temperature, postweld heat treatment and nondestructive examination for the
repair shall be the same as requirement for the original weld joint unless otherwise
permitted by the Code or job specifications.
9. 参考规范 referenace Codes
a) ASME 第一卷 [动力锅炉] ASME Section I [Power Boilers].
b) ASME B31.1 [动力管道] ASME B31.1 [Power Piping].
c) ASME 第九卷 [焊接和钎焊评定] ASME Section Ⅸ[Welding and Brazing Qualification] . d) DL5007-92 电力建设施工及验收技术规范(焊接篇)The Code Of Erection and
Acceptance for Power Plant Constraction Welding Section
e) DL/T822-2002 火力发电厂焊接热处理技术规程
The Code of The Welding Teat Treatment for Power Plant
f) GBJ128-90 立式圆筒形钢制焊接油罐施工及验收规范
GBJ128-90 Specification of Construction Execution and Acceptance for steel
welded-oil tank of stand-up and columnar.
p) GB3323-87 《钢熔化焊对接接头射线照相和质量分级》
] GB3323-87 .
附件1(Attachment 1)