轮机模拟器船舶电站仿真系统(英文)

第28卷　增刊2002年8月大连海事大学学报

Journal of Dalian Maritime University

Vol . 28, Suppl . Aug . , 2002

文章编号:1006-7736(2002) 增-0031-04

轮机模拟器船舶电站仿真系统

孙才勤, 郭　晨, 史成军, 彭水生, 李　晖

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2

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1

3

(1. 大连海事大学轮机工程学院, 辽宁大连　116026; 2. 大连海事大学航海动态仿真与控制实验室, 辽宁大连　116026; 3. 大连海事大学自动化与电气工程学院, 辽宁大连　116026)

应用计算机仿真技术模拟船舶电站的操作功能, 并与虚拟配电盘相结合, 摘要:

交互界面的轮机模拟器电站仿真系统。

实现了具有视景和人机自然

关键词:电站仿真; 同步发电机; 励磁系统; 数学模型

中图分类号:T P391. 91; U666. 158　　　文献标识码:A

Power station simulation subsystem in marine

SUN Cai -qin 1, G UO Chen 2, SHI Cheng -jun 2, PENG Shui -sheng 1, LI Hui 3

(1. Marine Eng . College , Dalian M aritime Univ . , Dalian 116026, China ;

2. Lab . of S im ulation &Control of Nav igation Systems , Dalian Maritime Univ . , Dalian 116026, China ;

3. Automation &Elec . Eng . College , Dalian M aritime Univ . , Dalian 116026, China )

A bstract :The operating functions of the marine power station are simulated by computer technology and the virtual pow er plant is also developed in the sy stem . Thus it is possible to realize better natural man -machine interaction interface and immersion , completing the function of power station simulation system in marine pow er plant simulato r .

Key words :pow er station simulation ; synchronous generato r ; excitatio n control sy stems ; mathematical model 　　The study on power statio n simulation tech -nology started in the 1970s , and the technolog y has been developing rapidly in the past thirty y ears . Pow er station simulation systems of various scales based on local area netw orks have been successfully developed .

Simulation technology will get into a new stage of development w ith the fantastic spurt in computer science , communication technology , net -w ork technology , visual technology , multimedia technology , virtual reality technique and hig h capa -bility database technolog y .

收稿日期:2002-07-10.

基金项目:交通部优秀青年专业技术人才资助项目(95050532) .

作者简介:孙才勤(1963-) , 男, 江苏宜兴人, 主要从事轮机工程及动态仿真的研究.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　32大连海事大学学报　　　　　　　　　　　　　第28卷　

The power station simulation technology has g one through three stages of development along w ith the changes in computer softw are and hard -w are science :(1) the simulation technique based on UNIX or VMS operating system ; (2) the g raphic simulatio n technique based on UNIX or VM S operating sy stem ; (3) g raphic simulation technique based on windows operating system [1].

The development of computer science and net -w ork communication technology w ill provide new opportunities and application prospects for simula -tion technology . The fast developing Internet plat -form will be used in future simulation technology . The distributing interactive simulation mode based on Web will be the direction for new generation pow er plant simulation technolog y . On the dis -tributing interactive simulation platform , the pre -sent power station simulation machine sy stem based on LAN can be transformed into pow er station sim -ulation system based on Web , thus realizing the g oal of resource sharing and remote training of many users simultaneously . To achieve the aim of dynamic simulation , the simulation technique will provide virtual reality function , w hich is the appli -cation of virtual reality technique in the power plant simulation system . The Virtual Reality Mod -eling Language (VRM L ) w ill present a three di -mension virtual reality . We w ill mainly discuss ma -rine power station simulation that is o ne part of the pow er plant simulato r .

dynamic characteristic of marine pow er plants to ensure that the power station designed w orks w ell under all condition and with good quality .

The power station simulation sy stem consists of microcomputers , various kinds of phy sics equip -ment and instruments . A mathematical model is set up based on the electrical sy stem of the generator sets and the power production process . Power sta -tion com puter simulation is realized throug h opera -tion on digital computers . The most impo rtant task is to set up a mathematical model that describes the power station simulation system w hen w e develop a simulator . Pow er station simulation system has tw o main parts :part o ne is the generator sets -the diesel engine , the generato r and accessories . Part two in -cludes monitoring , protection , alarm , operation devices as well as devices that regulate the opera -tion of the generator . Therefore , the mathematical model for the generator sets also has tw o parts :one is a dynamic mathem atical model used to simulate diesel engines , generato rs , accessories and a math -ematical model for system dynamic state ; the o ther is a logic and monitoring mathematical model used to simulate marine pow er station pro tection , alarm operation and monito ring .

Ship power sy stem is a very complex non -lin -ear dynamic system . Since the sy stem runs at a condition point , its dynamic properties can be de -scribed with a liner model instead of a non -linear one . So controllers are often desig ned according to control theory w ith this linear model as a basis . 1. 1　Mathematical Model for Synchronous Gen -erators

The sy nchro nous generato r is the control ob -ject in the excitation control sy stem , and at the same time it is closely related to the excitation con -trol sy stem . It is necessary to analy ze the dy namic properties of the synchronous generator in o rder to study the dy namic properties of the excitatio n sy s -tem .

The transition process of the sy nchronous gen -erator is complicated , so w e briefly introduce sever -al mathematical models in use . We will infer a dy -1　Mathematical model for the ma -rine power plant simulation sys -tem

　　M arine pow er station is an independent power sy stem . I ts generator has small capability , its rela -tive load capacity is larger , and the electrical de -vices w ork in bad conditions . Accidents often crop up at w ork . These properties lead to the fact that the operation state of marine power station is a con -tinuation of dynamic processes . There can hardly be a steady process in any real sense . Therefo re

第3期　　　　　SUN Cai -qin , et al :Pow er station simulation subsystem in m arine 　　　　　　33the d , q coo rdinate system as a basic equation for the synchronous generator . In some special cases , a simplified model can be obtained from the complete dynamic model . With little disturbance , the com -plete non -linear model can be changed into a linear one at the condition point . In some special cases , a simple linear model can be got .

Standard mathematical model fo r the syn -chronous generator considering the function of the damping winding , the Park equatio n (matrix ) w ith a per unit value is as fellow s :u d u f

u 1d =0=u d u 1q

i d i f i q i 1q

-r a 0000

0R f 000ψd ψf ψq ψ1q

00R 1d 00ψd 0

0ψd 0

(1)

000-r a 0

0000R 1q

Another basic equation is the motion equation of ro -tor , and it is a dy namic description of the rotor sy s -tem by New ton motion law . A ro tor mo tion equa -tion w ith per unit values is :

H

=M m -M e -M D d t

(2)

In the equation M m is the mechanical torque , M D

=D ωis dam ping torque , and M e is the per unit value for magnetic to rque based on the three phase rated volt -ampere . (The coordinate system vari -ables have constant rate of w ork here . The mean root volume of the rated voltage betw een phases and that of the rated current are used as the base value for voltage and current ) . The equation for ang le δand electric ang ular velocity relationship is :

·

δ

=ω-1(3)

The complete dynamic model for a sy nchronous generator , its matrix is a state equation . The vari -able is a 7dimension phase , 5current values , ωand δ. Simulation result (Fig . 1) as follow acco rd -ing to Equation (1) , (2) and (3) :

[2]

i 1d +p ψ1d

Fig . 1　Simulation result

1. 2　Mathematical Model for Excitation Control

System The quality of a marine electricity netw ork is determined by the performance of the marine syn -chronous generator , facto rs such as voltage output precisio n , range of voltage regulation , the stabi -lization of the voltage w hen the load varies and the speed for dy namic reaction will affect the power stability , and all these factors are related to the au -tomatic voltage regulator (A . V . R . ) .

There are mainly tw o types of ex citation mod -els for the marine synchronous generator :one is w ith brushes and one is without brushes .

, and circuits vary , but there are m ainly three types of excitation regulation principles for marine syn -chronous generators :

(a ) A . V . R . on disturbance principle , such as the well -know n phase compound excitation voltage regulator . (b ) A . V . R . on feedback principle , such as the reluctance voltage regulator used in the past and now popular thy ristor excitation apparatus .

(c ) A . V . R . on compound reg ulation princi -ple , such as the phase compound excitation voltage regulator fo r the rectifier with voltage , and that with transistors or the thyristor distributed cur -

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Fig . 2　A . V . R . on disturbance principle 　　　　　　　Fig . 3　A . V . R . on feedback principle

1. 3　Model for logic and control

This model can be used to simulate ship power station protection , alarm , operation and control . The alarm , pro tection , operation and autom atic regulation are realized through the logic and control functions . Logic is related to conditions and re -sults , that is There are , logic conditio ns for various operations . Basic logic functions include “AND ”, “OR ”, “NOT ”, “ANDNOT ”, “ORNOT ”, “NO -TOR ”as well as delay loop .

Fig . 4　Exchange data

2. 3　Switchboard

The simulation switchboard in computer net -w ork includes a main sw itchboard and an emergen -cy switchboard . The main sw itchboard has 11pan -els (3generator panels , 1synchropanel , 4g roup panels , 2feeder 440panels and 1feeder 110V pan -el ) .

2. 4　Load

Load refers to apparatuses that consume elec -tricity in o ther sy stem s . Data ex changes between the above parts mentioned and data exchanges w ith o ther systems are realized through a data server .

2　Configuration of the power sta -tion simulation system

2. 1　Apparatuses

There are three main diesel -generator sets , each with a capacity of 600kW , output AC440V , 60Hz , and an emergency generator set w ith a ca -pacity of 120kW .

2. 2　Data Exchange

A database is used for data exchanges in this pow er plant , so other systems have access to the simulation data of this power plant and this power plant can have access to simulation data in o ther sy stem s , see Fig . 4

.

3　Conclusions

The modeling and development procedures of marine power station simulation system are pre -sented simulation result demonstrates the m athe -matical models fo r sy nchronous generators are fea -sible . Some virtual co ntrol panels of pow er station are given .

References :

[1]HE M in , LU Chong -De . Power Plant Simulation :T echnolo gies in the Nex t G eneration [J ]. Journal of Sy stem Simulation ,

2001, 13(1) :83-86.

[2]SHI Ji -Chang . Double -Pulse Digital Speed Co ntroller for Diesel -Generating Sets [J ]. Journal of Dalian M aritime U niversity ,

1996, 22(1) :25-28.