技术性贸易壁垒
Technical barriers to trade
Technical regulations and product standards may vary from country to country. Having many
different regulations and standards makes life difficult for producers and exporters. If regulations
are set arbitrarily, they could be used as an excuse for protectionism.
The Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade tries to ensure that regulations, standards, testing
and certification procedures do not create unnecessary obstacles, while also providing members
with the right to implement measures to achieve legitimate policy objectives, such as the
protection of human health and safety, or the environment.
技术性贸易壁垒
技术法规和产品标准可能会因国家而异。有许多不同的法规和标准,使生活困难的生产商和
出口商。如果法规任意设定,它们可以被用来作为贸易保护主义的借口。
技术性贸易壁垒协议试图以确保法规,标准,检测和认证程序,不会造成不必要的障碍,同
时还提供成员有权采取措施,实现合理的政策目标,如保护人类健康和安全或环境。
Members continue to discuss “good practices” for technical regulations
WTO members moved forward on 17–20 June 2013 in preparing guidance on “good regulatory
practices ” for governments when setting product requirements, such as for labelling and
certification, so that measures avoid disrupting trade unnecessarily.
大家继续讨论技术法规的“良好做法”
世贸组织成员前移2013年6月17-20日在编制指导“良好的监管实践”政府设定产品时的
要求,如标签和认证,这样的措施避免不必要的干扰贸易。
Meeting as the Technical Barriers to Trade Committee, Members are trying to find pragmatic ways
to implement the TBT Agreement — ways that will make its implementation more effective.
They agreed to accelerate the task after the WTO’s summer break in August (more below).
Once again, health featured heavily in the discussion of specific trade concerns, the committee’s
core activity in monitoring how members are implementing the agreement. Other topics ranged
from tobacco products, food labelling, genetically modified organisms, greenhouse gases and
telecommunications equipment.
The committee also examined ways of improving an activity that is vital for its work — the way
members share information with each other on technical standards and regulations (through
“notifications ”), and provide each other an opportunity to comment on new or proposed
measures. The EU has proposed establishing common criteria for the use of notification formats.
In a related matter, some delegations are testing a new on-line TBT notification submission system,
which will speed up the notification process.
技术壁垒贸易委员会的会议,大家正在努力寻找务实的方式来实施TBT 协定 - 实施更有效
的方式,这将使。他们同意加快世贸组织的暑假八月(详见下文)后的任务。
再次,健康特色巨资在讨论具体的贸易问题,该委员会的核心活动监控成员如何实施该协议。
其他主题范围从烟草制品,食品标签,转基因生物,温室气体和电信设备。
该委员会还探讨了如何改善其工作是至关重要的一个活动 - 成员共享彼此的信息技术标准
和法规(通过“通知” ) ,并相互提供新的或拟议措施发表意见的机会。欧盟已提议建立
共同标准的通知格式使用。
在一个相关的问题,一些代表团正在测试一个新上线的TBT 通报提交系统,这将加快通知
过程。
Some details
The TBT Committee deals with technical regulations and standards, and their implications for
trade. The WTO’s World Trade Report 2012 shows how regulatory measures for trade in goods
and services raise new and pressing challenges for international cooperation in the 21st century.
一些细节
TBT 委员会技术法规和标准,以及其对贸易的影响。世贸组织世界贸易报告2012显示了如
何在商品和服务贸易的规管措施,在21世纪的国际合作提出了新的和紧迫的挑战。
Good regulatory practices
The present focus in the work on good regulatory practices is on developing a list of voluntary
principles and mechanisms that represent best practices in developing and applying regulations.
Using these to improve the way countries implement the TBT Agreement would avoid
unnecessary obstacles to international trade by making regulations and conformity assessment
procedures — and the processes through which they are set — more transparent, open and
predictable. This, in turn would benefit companies and countries with limited resources trying to
meet the requirements of their export markets.
The principles include openness and accountability, good coordination at home between
government agencies and stakeholders, analysis and evaluation of regulatory options based on
evidence, and international cooperation among governments.
The mechanisms include various means of applying the principles as well as ways of minimizing
the burden of implementing the regulation for all concerned, of implementing and enforcing the
regulations, and of taking into account the needs of developing countries.
Members are working on a draft that includes a series of suggested steps that governments could
follow through the life of a TBT measure, from the proposal stage to review, amendment or repeal.
The steps include examples of mechanisms countries could apply at each stage and are
accompanied by references to provisions in the TBT Agreement.
“While the [latest revision of the draft] is an improvement, further work is needed,” chairperson
Jingo Kikukawa of Japan reported to the committee after consulting members. He added: “this
elaboration of best practices, I believe, should help us all — but in particular developing country
members — when implementing the agreement. I therefore cannot stress enough the importance
of members’ engagement in this process.”
良好的监管实践
在良好的监管实践的工作目前的重点是发展代表最佳实践在发展和应用规定的自愿原则和
机制的列表。
使用这些来提高国家的方式实施“TBT 协定”将避免不必要的障碍,国际贸易法规和合格
评定程序 - 通过它们设置的过程 - 更加透明,开放和可预测的。这反过来将有利于企业和
国家有限的资源,努力满足他们的出口市场的要求。
这些原则包括公开性和问责制,政府机构和利益相关者之间的良好协调在家,分析和评估,
以证据为基础的监管选项,和政府之间的国际合作。
这些机制包括各种手段运用的原则,以及所有有关实施监管的负担最小化的方式,执行和实
施条例,并考虑到发展中国家的需要。
成员工作的草案,其中包括了一系列的建议的步骤,政府可以遵循的TBT 措施的整个生命
周期,从提案阶段审查,修改和废除。这些步骤包括机制,国家可能适用于每个阶段,都伴
随着“TBT 协定”的规定。
“ [最新修订草案]虽然是一种进步,需要进一步努力, ”会长金革菊日本报道后向委员会
咨询委员。他补充说:“我相信,这拟订最佳做法,应该帮助我们 - 特别是发展中国家成员
- 实施协议。因此,我不能强调足够的成员参与在这个过程中的重要性。 “
Specific trade concerns
(See P.S. below for the full list. Details in the TBT Information Management System.)
Members discussed 39 specific trade concerns, including 14 new issues. The issues discussed
revolved around topics such as tobacco products (Ireland, EU), alcoholic beverages (Russia, EU),
GMOs (Peru), fluorinated greenhouse gases (EU), chemical substances (Korea, US, EU) including
EU ’s Regulation on the Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals (REACH),
medicinal and medical devices (China, EU, Brazil, ), labeling and certification of food products
(Indonesia, EU, Peru, Viet Nam, Chile), pneumatic tyres (India), solar panels (Korea),
telecommunications (India), cosmetics (China), medical instruments (China), toy safety
(Indonesia).
具体的贸易问题
(见下面的PS 的完整列表,详细信息在的TBT 信息管理系统)。
委员讨论了39项具体的贸易问题,包括14个新的问题。讨论的问题围绕围绕主题,如烟草
制品(爱尔兰,欧盟) ,含酒精的饮料(俄罗斯,欧盟) ,秘鲁(转基因生物) ,含氟
温室气体(欧盟) ,化学物质(韩国,美国,欧盟) ,包括欧盟的法规对化学品(REACH ) ,
医药和医疗器械(中国,欧盟,巴西) ,食品标签和认证(欧盟,印尼,秘鲁,越南,智
利) ,充气轮胎(印度) ,太阳能的注册,评估和授权面板(韩国) ,电信(印度) ,
化妆品(中国) ,医疗器械(中国) ,玩具安全(印度尼西亚) 。
Ireland — proposal to introduce standardized packaging of tobacco (new)
Ireland is the first EU member to propose introducing standardized plain packaging for cigarettes
and other tobacco products revived the intense debate seen in previous meetings, with a number of
tobacco-growing developing countries calling the measure excessive.
The Irish proposal follows similar proposals from New Zealand and Australia, discussed in
previous meetings of this Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee and the Intellectual
Property (TRIPS) Council. In Australia’s case this has now become law and is subject to a set of
formal legal disputes (cases DS434, DS435 and DS441).
In this meeting, Malawi, the Dominican Republic, Cuba, Guatemala, Honduras, Zimbabwe and
Nigeria urged Ireland to adopt less trade-restrictive measures to achieve its objective of public
health. Australia, New Zealand and Norway supported for the proposal.
Among the concerns raised was the lack of scientific basis, uncertainty about the means of
attaining the objective, the possible adverse effects, and the negative effect on the competitiveness
of least developed countries (LDCs). Some members asked Ireland to suspend the proposal until
the on-going disputes against Australia’s plain packaging law had been concluded. In addition,
several members referred to the previously raised concern about the proposed European Union
Directive on tobacco products (Tobacco Products Directive — “TPD “), which is the basis of the
Irish move. The European Union, also supported by a number of Members, said that it was
premature to discuss the measure in the Committee as it was still in a draft stage.
爱尔兰 - 建议引入标准化烟草包装(新)
爱尔兰是欧盟成员国提出引入标准化的普通包装的卷烟和其他烟草产品恢复了激烈的辩论,
在以往的会议上看到,一些烟草种植发展中国家调用措施过度。
爱尔兰的提案如下新西兰和澳大利亚,讨论在以前的贸易会议,这种技术壁垒( TBT )委
员会及知识产权( TRIPS )理事会提出类似的建议。在澳大利亚的情况下,这现在已经成
为法律,是受了一套正式的法律纠纷(案件DS434 , DS435和DS441 ) 。
在本次会议上,马拉维,多米尼加共和国,古巴,危地马拉,洪都拉斯,津巴布韦和尼日利
亚敦促爱尔兰采取较少的贸易限制措施,以实现其目标的公共卫生。澳大利亚,新西兰和挪
威支持的建议。
其中关注的问题是缺乏科学依据,不确定性的手段达到目标,可能带来的负面影响,至少不
发达国家(LDCs )的竞争力的负面影响。一些委员要求爱尔兰的建议,直至暂停对澳大利
亚的普通包装法律上的纠纷已经结束。此外,一些委员提到先前拟议中的欧洲联盟关于烟草
产品(烟草产品指令 - “天津港发展” ),这是爱尔兰的举措的基础上提出了关切。欧盟,
多位议员也支持,说这是过早委员会讨论的措施,因为它仍处于草案阶段。
Peru — Act to Promote Healthy Eating among Children and Adolescents (new)
The act will require mandatory warning statements and established thresholds for certain nutrients.
According to several Members, the measure is more trade-restrictive than necessary and is not
based on relevant guides developed by the Codex Guidelines on Nutritional Labelling.
Mexico, the United States, Argentina, the EU, Switzerland and Guatemala urged Peru to adopt less
trade-restrictive approaches such as information campaigns and daily intakes expressed in
percentages, which correspond to international standards such as the Codex. Members also raised
concerns regarding the exact scope and applicability of the measure as well as its implementation
period. Moreover, members invited Peru to notify the measure to the TBT Committee, to consider
longer timeframe for transparency purposes, as well as longer period of entry into force to allow
debates and comments.
Peru explained that the measure had been implemented on 10 May 2013 and announced that, in
accordance with WTO obligations, they would re-evaluate the measure based on comments
received.
秘鲁 - 法推广健康饮食的儿童和青少年(新)
该法案将要求强制性警告语句和某些营养素的设立门槛。据几位议员,超过必要的贸易限制
措施,而不是由营养标签法典准则的基础上制定的相关指南。
墨西哥,美国,阿根廷,欧盟,瑞士和危地马拉敦促秘鲁采取贸易限制少的方法,比如宣传
和每日摄入量以百分比表示,对应于国际标准,如食品。委员也提出了关切的措施,以及其
实施期限的确切范围和适用性。此外,委员邀请秘鲁措施通知TBT 委员会,透明度的目的
考虑较长的时间,以及较长时间的生效,让辩论和意见。
秘鲁解释说,这项措施已经实施了2013年5月10日宣布,在符合WTO 义务,他们将重新
评估措施,根据收到的意见。
New
Ireland — Proposal to introduce standardised/plain packaging of tobacco products in Ireland —
concerns of Malawi and the Dominican Republic
European Union — Transformation of still wine into sparkling wine EC Regulation 479/2008 of
29 April 2008 notifications G/TBT/N/EEC/181, G/TBT/N/EEC/181/Add.1 — concerns of
Australia
European Union — Regulation (EU) No 481/2012 as regards the validity of certificates of
authenticity for high-quality beef concerns of Argentina
Peru — Act to Promote Healthy Eating Among Children and Adolescents — concerns of
Mexico and the United States
United States — Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: various products —
concern of China
United States — Proposed Significant New Use Rules on Certain Chemical Substances —
notification G/TBT/N/USA/814 — concern of China
China — Innovative medical instruments and provisions for simplifying application materials for
re-registration of medical instruments G/TBT/N/CHN/965 concern of European Union and the
United States
China — China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) EMC Enforcement Notice for medical
devices of 19 December, 2012 — notification G/TBT/N/CHN/966 concern of the European
Union and the United States
Indonesia — Ministry of Trade Regulation 82/M-DAG/PER/12/2012 on imported cell phones,
handheld and tablet computers — concern of the European Union
Indonesia — Ministry of Health Regulation 30/2013 on the inclusion of sugar, salt and fat
content in- concerns of formation, as well as health messages on the label of processed foods —
concern of the European Union
Russia — Safety of light industry products — notification G/TBT/N/RUS/14 — concern of
the European Union
European Union — Proposal for a Regulation on Fluorinated Greenhouse Gases — notification
G/TBT/N/EU/91 — concern of United States
Peru — Implementing Regulations of 14 November 2012 for Moratorium on Planting
Genetically Engineered Crops — concern of the United States
European Union — Revised Proposal for the Categorization of Compounds as Endocrine
Disruptors of 19 February 2013 by DG Environment — concern of the United States
Previously raised
European Union — Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals
(REACH) notifications G/TBT/N/EEC/52 and Adds.1-7; Add.3/Rev.1, G/TBT/N/EEC/295,
G/TBT/N/EEC/295/Add.1; G/TBT/N/EEC/297, G/TBT/N/EEC/297/Rev.1,
G/TBT/N/EEC/297/Rev.1/Add.1; G/TBT/N/EEC/333, G/TBT/N/EEC/333/Add.1,
G/TBT/N/EEC/334, G/TBT/N/EEC/334/Add.1; G/TBT/N/EEC/335, G/TBT/N/EEC/335/Add.1;
G/TBT/N/EEC/336, G/TBT/N/EEC/336/Add.1; G/TBT/W/208 — concern of India, China and
the United States
India — Pneumatic tyres and tubes for automotive vehicles notifications G/TBT/N/IND/20,
G/TBT/N/IND/20/Add.1, G/TBT/N/IND/40, G/TBT/N/IND/40/Rev.1 — concern of Japan, the
European Union and Korea
China — Testing and Certification Requirements for Medical Devices — concern of the
European Union
India — Mandatory Certification for Steel Products notifications G/TBT/N/IND/32,
G/TBT/N/IND/32/Add.1; G/TBT/N/IND/32/Add.2 — concern of European Union
Brazil — Health Products Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) Requirements for Health
Products — notification G/TBT/N/BRA/328 — concern of European Union
Korea — KS C IEC61646:2007 Standard for Thin-film Solar Panels — concern of the United States
India — Telecommunications Related Rules — concern of Canada, the European Union and the
United States
China — Requirements for information security products (including, inter alia, the OSCCA 1999
Regulation on commercial encryption products and its on-going revision and the Multi-Level
Protection Scheme (MLPS) — concern of the European Union
China — Provisions for the Administration of Cosmetics Application Acceptance Cosmetics
Label Instructions Regulations and Guidance for the Cosmetics Label Instructions —
notifications G/TBT/N/CHN/821, G/TBT/N/CHN/937 — concern of Japan and the European
Union
Korea — Regulation on Registration and Evaluation of Chemical Material — notification
G/TBT/N/KOR/305 — concern of the United States
France — Loi No. 2010-788: The National Commitment for the Environment (Grenelle 2 Law)
— concern of India
European Union — Directive 2009/28/EC, Renewable Energy Directive (EU — RED) —
concern of Indonesia
Colombia — Commercial Truck Diesel Emissions Regulation Proposed modifications to
Resolutions 910 of 2008 and 2604 of 2009 on Diesel Emissions notifications G/TBT/N/COL/185;
G/TBT/N/COL/186 — concern of Mexico
Peru — Draft Supreme Decree approving the Regulations Governing the Labelling of
Genetically Modified Foods — notifications G/TBT/N/PER/37; G/TBT/N/PER/37/Add.1 —
concern of United States
Indonesia — Technical Guidelines for the Implementation of the Adoption and Supervision of
Indonesian National Standards for Obligatory Toy Safety — Draft Decree of the Ministry of
Industry on Mandatory Implementation of Indonesia National Standard and Technical
Specification for Toys — notification G/TBT/N/IDN/64 — concern of European Union
Russian Federation — Draft Technical Regulation of the Customs Union on alcoholic products
safety — notification G/TBT/N/RUS/2 — concern of European Union and the United States European Union — Directive 2011/62/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council
amending Directive 2001/83/EC on the Community code relating to Medicinal Products for
Human Use, as regards the Prevention of the Entry into the Legal supply Chain of Falsified
Medicinal Products — concern of India
European Union — Draft Implementing Regulations amending Regulation (EC) No. 607/2009
laying down detailed rules for the application of Council Regulation (EC) No 479/2008 as regards
protected designations of origin and geographical indications, traditional terms, labelling and
presentation of certain wine sector products — notifications G/TBT/N/EEC/264,
G/TBT/N/EEC/264/Add.1 — concern of Argentina and the United States
Viet Nam — Decree regulating the Implementation of Some Articles of Food Safety Law —
Decree 38 implementing the Food Safety Law — notifications G/TBT/N/VNM/22,
G/TBT/N/VNM/22/Suppl.1 — concern of European Union
Brazil — Draft ANVISA Resolution on Used, Refurbished, Rented and Lent Medical Devices
— notification G/TBT/N/BRA/440 — concern of the European Union
Israel — Warning Regulations on Alcoholic Beverages — notification G/TBT/N/ISR/609 —
concern of European Union and the United States
India — Electronics and Information Technology Goods (Requirements for Compulsory Registration) Order, 2012 — notifications G/TBT/N/IND/44 and G/TBT/IND/44/Add.1 — concern of European Union, the United States and Korea
United Arab Emirates — Conformity Assessment Procedure for Automobile Tyres — notification G/TBT/N/ARE/116 — concern of European Union
Chile — Proposed amendment to the Food Health Regulations, Supreme Decree No. 977/96. — notifications G/TBT/N/CHL/219, G/TBT/N/CHL/219/Add.1. — concern of Brazil, Mexico, Guatemala, the European Union and the United States
Korea — Draft amendment of Ordinance and Regulation of Motor Vehicle Control Act — notifications G/TBT/N/KOR/342 and G/TBT/N/KOR/342/Add.1 — concern of the European Union
European Union — Tobacco products, nicotine containing products and herbal products for smoking. Packaging for retail sale of any of the aforementioned products — notification G/TBT/N/EU/88 — concern of Malawi, Nicaragua and Cuba.
新
爱尔兰 - 建议在爱尔兰引进标准化/纯烟草制品包装 - 马拉维关注和多米尼加共和国
欧盟 - 转型 - 澳大利亚的担忧仍然葡萄酒汽酒EC 法规479 / 2008年2008年4月29日通知G/TBT/N/EEC/181 , G/TBT/N/EEC/181/Add.1
欧盟 - 法规(欧盟)没有481 / 2012年阿根廷的优质牛肉问题的有效性,证书的真实性 秘鲁 - 法在儿童和青少年中推广健康饮食 - 墨西哥和美国的关切
美国 - 消费类产品:各种产品的能源节约计划 - 关注中国
美国 - 建议某些化学物质重要新用途规则 - G/TBT/N/USA/814通知 - 关注中国
中国 - 创新的医疗仪器和简化申请材料的规定重新注册的医疗器械G/TBT/N/CHN/965关注的欧盟和美国
中国 - 中国食品和药物管理局(CFDA ) EMC 强制执行通知书,通知G/TBT/N/CHN/966关注欧盟和美国医疗设备, 2012年12月19日 -
印度尼西亚 - 部贸易法规82/M-DAG/PER/12/2012对进口手机,手持设备和平板电脑 - 欧盟关注
印度尼西亚 - 教育部健康规例二千〇一十三分之三十零的糖,盐和脂肪的含量对列入关注的形成,以及加工食品的标签上的健康信息 - 欧盟关注
俄罗斯 - 轻工产品 - 安全通知G/TBT/N/RUS/14 - 欧洲联盟关注
欧盟 - 氟化温室气体的法规提案 - 通知G/TBT/N/EU/91 - 美国关注
秘鲁 - 实施条例“ 2012年11月14日暂停种植转基因作物 - 美国关注
欧盟 - 2013年2月19日由DG 环境内分泌干扰物的化合物的分类修订建议 - 关注美国
前次募集
欧盟 - 注册,评估,授权和限制的化学品( REACH )通知G/TBT/N/EEC/52和Add.1 -7 ; Add.3/Rev.1 , G/TBT/N/EEC/295 , G/TBT/N/EEC/295/Add.1 G/TBT/N/EEC/297 ,
G/TBT/N/EEC/297/Rev.1 , G/TBT/N/EEC/297/Rev 。 1/Add.1号; G/TBT/N/EEC/333/Add.1 G/TBT/N/EEC/333 , G/TBT/N/EEC/334 , G/TBT/N/EEC/334 / Add.1号G/TBT/N/EEC/335/Add.1 G/TBT/N/EEC/335 , G/TBT/N/EEC/336 , G/TBT/N/EEC/336/Add 。 1 G/TBT/W/208 - 关注印度,中国和美国
印度 - 充气轮胎和汽车车辆通知G/TBT/N/IND/20 G/TBT/N/IND/20/Add.1 , G/TBT/N/IND/40 , G / TBT / N /管IND/40/Rev.1 - 日本,欧盟和韩国的关注
中国 - 医疗设备的测试和认证要求 - 欧盟关注
印度 - 钢制品, G/TBT/N/IND/32/Add.1通知G/TBT/N/IND/32 ; G/TBT/N/IND/32/Add.2 - 关注欧盟强制性认证
巴西 - 保健品良好生产规范(GMP )的要求保健品 - 通知G/TBT/N/BRA/328 - 欧盟关注 韩国 - KS C IEC61646 : 2007标准的薄膜太阳能电池板 - 美国关注
印度 - 电信相关规则 - 关注加拿大,欧盟和美国
中国 - 要求的信息安全产品(包括,除其他事项外, OSCCA 1999条商用密码产品,其持续修订和多级保护计划( MLPS ) - 关注欧盟
中国 - 化妆品申请受理化妆品标签说明条例“的管理规定,化妆品标签上的说明 - 通知G/TBT/N/CHN/821 G/TBT/N/CHN/937 - 关注日本和欧盟的指导
韩国 - 法规登记和评价化学原料 - 通知G/TBT/N/KOR/305 - 关注美国
法国 - 莱2010-788号:承担国家环境(格勒内勒2法) - 关注印度
欧盟 - 指令2009/28/EC ,可再生能源指令( EU - RED ) - 印度尼西亚关注
哥伦比亚 - 商用车柴油机排放法规建议修改第910号决议,2009年, 2008年和2604柴油机排放的通知G/TBT/N/COL/185 ; G/TBT/N/COL/186 - 关注墨西哥
秘鲁 - 草案最高法院法令批准转基因食品标签管理办法 - 的通知G/TBT/N/PER/37 G/TBT/N/PER/37/Add.1 - 美国关注
印尼 - 技术指引实施印尼国家强制性玩具安全标准的采纳和监督 - 工信部强制实施印尼国家标准和技术规范玩具法令草案 - 通知G / TBT / N /国际化域名(IDN ) / 64 - 欧盟关注 俄罗斯联邦海关联盟 - 技术法规草案的酒类产品安全 - G/TBT/N/RUS/2通知 - 欧盟和美国的关注
欧盟 - 指令2011/62/EU的欧洲议会和理事会修订指令2001/83/EC社区人用医药产品有关的代码,至于预防条目伪造合法供应链医药产品 - 关注印度
欧盟 - 实施条例草案修正法规(EC ) 607 / 2009放下详细规则应用的理事会法规(EC ) 479/ 2008年关于保护原产地名称和地理标志,传统术语,标签和介绍某些葡萄酒部门的产品的 - 通知G/TBT/N/EEC/264 , G/TBT/N/EEC/264/Add.1 - 关注阿根廷和美国
越南第38号法令 - 法令实施“食品安全法”的一些文章 - 实施“食品安全法” - 通知G/TBT/N/VNM/22 , G/TBT/N/VNM/22/Suppl.1 - 关注欧洲联盟
巴西 - 的ANVISA 决议草案使用翻新,出租和出借医疗器械 - 通知G/TBT/N/BRA/440 - 欧盟关注
以色列 - 酒精饮料 - 警告条例通知G/TBT/N/ISR/609 - 欧盟和美国的关注
印度 - 电子产品和信息技术产品(强制性注册要求)令“ , 2012年 - 通知G/TBT/N/IND/44 G/TBT/IND/44/Add.1 - 欧盟,美国和韩国的关注
阿拉伯联合酋长国 - 汽车轮胎的合格评定程序 - 通知G/TBT/N/ARE/116 - 欧盟关注
智利 - 建议修订食品卫生条例“ ,最高法令第977 / 96 。 - 通知G/TBT/N/CHL/219 G/TBT/N/CHL/219/Add.1 。 - 巴西,墨西哥,危地马拉,欧盟和美国的关注
韩国 - 机动车控制法案条例及规例修订草案 - G/TBT/N/KOR/342通知G/TBT/N/KOR/342/Add.1 - 关注欧盟
欧盟 - 吸烟的烟草制品,含尼古丁的产品及草药产品。包装任何上述产品的零售销售 - 通知G/TBT/N/EU/88 - 马拉维,尼加拉瓜和古巴的关注。
Problem: How do you ensure that your country’s consumers are being supplied with food that is safe to eat — “safe ” by the standards you consider appropriate? And at the same time, how can you ensure that strict health and safety regulations are not being used as an excuse for protecting domestic producers?
A separate agreement on food safety and animal and plant health standards (the Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures Agreement or SPS) sets out the basic rules.
It allows countries to set their own standards. But it also says regulations must be based on science. They should be applied only to the extent necessary to protect human, animal or plant life or health. And they should not arbitrarily or unjustifiably discriminate between countries where identical or similar conditions prevail.
问题:你如何确保你的国家的消费者正在提供的食品是安全的吃 - “安全”的标准,您认为合适吗?同时,你怎么能保证严格的健康和安全法规不被使用作为保护国内生产者的借口?
一个单独的协议,对食品安全和动植物卫生标准(卫生与植物卫生措施协议或SPS )设置的基本规则。
它允许各国制定自己的标准。但它也说,法规规定必须以科学为基础。他们应该只适用于必要的范围内,为保护人类,动物或植物的生命或健康。他们不应该任意或不合理的歧视的国家之间在相同或相似的条件为准。
The agreement still allows countries to use different standards and different methods of inspecting products. So how can an exporting country be sure the practices it applies to its products are acceptable in an importing country? If an exporting country can demonstrate that the measures it applies to its exports achieve the same level of health protection as in the importing country, then the importing country is expected to accept the exporting country’s standards and methods.
The agreement includes provisions on control, inspection and approval procedures. Governments must provide advance notice of new or changed sanitary and phytosanitary regulations, and establish a national enquiry point to provide information. The agreement complements that on technical barriers to trade.
该协议还允许各国使用不同的标准和不同的方法检查产品。那么,怎样才能出口国确保在一个进口国,其产品适用的做法是可以接受的吗?如果能够证明其出口的措施,它适用于出口国在进口国达到同样的健康保障水平,那么进口国,预计接受出口国的标准和方法。
该协议包括控制,检查和批准程序的规定。政府必须提供新的或变更的卫生和植物检疫法规
的提前通知,并建立一个全国性的咨询点提供信息。该协议的补充,技术性贸易壁垒。
The Technical Barriers to Trade Agreement (TBT) tries to ensure that regulations, standards, testing and certification procedures do not create unnecessary obstacles.
However, the agreement also recognizes countries’ rights to adopt the standards they consider appropriate — for example, for human, animal or plant life or health, for the protection of the environment or to meet other consumer interests.
技术壁垒贸易协定( TBT ) ,尝试以确保法规,标准,检测和认证程序,不会造成不必要的障碍。
然而,该协议还承认国家的权利,采取他们认为合适的标准 - 例如,对于人类,动物或植物的生命或健康,保护环境,或满足其他消费者的利益。此外,委员不会阻止采取必要措施,以确保符合标准。