初中定语从句讲解
初中定语从句讲解
基本结构:先行词+关系词+定语从句
关系词分关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose)和关系副词
(when,why,where)
定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
一、限制性定语从句:起限定作用,不可缺少,若省去,主句就会不完整,且不 用逗号。
Eg:He is the man who lives next door.
二、非限制性定语从句; 不起限定作用,起附加作用,常用逗号分开,翻译成两 个分句。
Eg; I met Mr.Wang on my way home, who seemed to be happy.
I never met Julia after that, which was a pity.
在非限制性定语从句中,当先行词为人时,用who引导,当先行词为物时, 用which引导,不能用that引导。
三、关系代词的选择:
1、that: 既指人又指物,在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾
语时可省略
Eg: Do you know the girl that has got the present?
She got a computer (that ) her parents bought for her.
2、which: 只用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语
时可省略。
Eg: The building which stands there is a supermarket.
She got a computer (which ) her parents bought for her.
3、who: 用于指人,在从句中作主语,口语中也可作宾语。
Eg: Do you know the girl who got the present?
4、whom: 用于指人,在从句中作宾语 。
Eg: Who is the teacher whom he is talking to ?
5、whose: 指人或物,在从句中作定语。
Eg: The classroom whose window is open is mine.
练习: Mary likes music _____________is quiet and gentle.
The film______________we saw last night was wonderful.
The girl ______________often helps me is from England.
The boy_________father is a doctor studies very hard.
that 有时可与which ,who互换,但以下情况只能用that
1、当先行词是all,little,much,none,nothing,many,everything,any,anything
等代词时,用that.
Eg: Tom told his mother all that had happened.
2、当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last,the same,little,few,only,all,any,no 等修饰时,只能用that.
Eg: He is the only person that can help you out.
3、当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时,只能用that.
Eg: This is the best book that I have ever heard.
4、当主句是以疑问词who 或which 开头的特殊疑问句时,从句用that连接 Eg: Who is the boy that is playing football?
5、先行词同时含有人或物时,只能用that.
Eg: I can remember the persons and the pictures that I saw in the room.
6、主句是There be 结构时,修饰主语的定语从句用that.
Eg: There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.
练习:He brought me the most interesting book ________I had wanted to buy. Who is the girl ________is crying?
Is there anything _________you want to buy in the shop?
I want to read all the books_________were written by Lu Xun.
1、在非限制性定语从句中,用which(修饰物)或who(修饰人),不能用that. Eg: Tom left home, which made me sad.
2、关系代词前面有介词时,一般用介词+which (修饰物)/whom(修饰人). Eg: I will never forget the day on which I joined the club.
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.
3、含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。 Eg: This is the person whom you are looking for.
练习:This is the house in _________we lived last year.
四、关系副词的选择
1、when指时间,先行词表示时间,在从句中作时间状语。
Eg: I still remember the year when you graduated from here.
2、where指地点,先行词表示地点,在从句中作地点状语。
Eg: This is the school where I studied three years ago.
3、why 表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。
Eg: We don't know the reason why he was late for school.
练习:This is place __________he works.
Nobody knows the reason_________ he is often late for school.
This was the time __________we arrived.