定语从句关系词
定语从句在高一年级乃至整个高中阶段都是难点和重点,掌握一定的解题技巧对正确使用关系词及句子的理解有着重要的意义。
首先要了解关系词的作用①关系语引导定语从句;②关系词代替先行词③关系词在定语从句中担当一个成份。
其次掌握关系词的分类:
指人的关系代词:who(主语) whom(宾语) that(主语、宾语)
指物的关系代词:which(主语、宾语) that(主语、宾语)
whose(做定语,既指人,也指物)
关系副语:when(时间) where(地点) why(原因),在分句当中做状语 第三,了解了关系词的作用和分类后,就可以进行练习了。
例如:
(1)He is the man, he lives next to me.
主从句中的同类项都是he, 即:the man, 而且he在分句中做主语,指人,因此关系代词用who或that,然后根据组合规律即:先行词+关系词及其限定部分+其它说明成份做作出完整的定语从句:
He is the man who lives next to me.
他就是住在我隔壁的那个人。
(2)I lost my watch, my Dad gave it to me as a gift.
找出同类项:主句中的watch,从句中的it.
确定成份:同类项it在从句中作宾语指物。
确定关系代词:在从句中做宾语,指物,关系代词用which或that; 也可以省略。
组合成句:I lost my watch(which / that) my Dad gave me as a gift. 我丢掉了爸爸作为礼物送给我的钢笔。
从上述两个句子中,我们还可以总结出定语的翻译特点:“„的„是„”;或“„的„怎么样”。
再如:The nurse who takes care of the disabled girl is very kind. 照顾残疾女孩的那位护士很善良。
例句(1)(2)是把两个分句连结为一个完整的定语从句,当然也可以通过破句的形式找出正确的关系词。
(3)I’ll never forget the days we spent together.
①理出主干句:I’ll never forget those days.
②对找从句:we spent those days together.
根据例句:(1)(2)的做法再重新组句:
I’ll never forget those days(that which)we spent together.
这样,做宾语指事物的关系词which/that得以确定,但是表示时间、地点的名语若在从句中作状语,则关系副词应为相应的when或where.
例:I’ll never forget those days
We played games in those days, together.
分句中的in those days做时间状语,因此关系副语用when,则此定语从句为:
I’ll never forget those days when we played games together. 我永远不会忘记我们一起作游戏的那些日子。
当然句中those days 做介词in的宾语,而those days 指事,从而构成介宾结构:in which. 所以句中关系副词when也可用in which代替。
通过上述练习,大家就会总结出一条解题途径来:一找(找同类项),二定(确定分句中同类项担任的成份,确定关系词),三组合(完成定语从句)
结构:先行词+关系词及限定成份+其它
翻译:“„的„是什么”,“„的„怎么样”
注:定语从句中,被关系词所代替的同类项不再出现。
上面方法仅仅供初学定语从句的同学参考,随着定语从句的深入与多样化,相信每个人都会在学习中有所总结,在总结中有更大的提高。
练习:(1-5)用合适的关系词填空。 1. You can take anything you like. 2. My brother still remember the day he joined the army. 3. The place we visited last summer is very beautiful. 4. The place we took a lot of photos is beautiful. 5. The class room windows face south is ours.
Answer: 1. that 2. when / on which 3. which / that; ( / )
4. where / in which 5. whose