城市大数据与城市智能化发展-潘云鹤

Engineering 2 (2016) 171–178

Research

iCity & Big Data—Review

Urban Big Data and the Development of City Intelligence

Yunhe Pana, *, Yun Tiana,b,c , Xiaolong Liua , Dedao Gud , Gang Huad

a

Chinese Academy of Engineering, Beijing 100088, China

College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, Chinac

Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, Chinad

Ningbo Academy of Smart City Development, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315048, China

b

a r t i c l e i n f o

Article history:

Received 13 April 2016Revised 16 May 2016Accepted 26 May 2016

Available online 22 June 2016Keywords:

Urban big dataCity intelligenceTernary space

Construction emphases

a b s t r a c t

This study provides a definition for urban big data while exploring its features and applications of Chi-na’s city intelligence. The differences between city intelligence in China and the “smart city” concept in other countries are compared to highlight and contrast the unique definition and model for China’s city intelligence in this paper. Furthermore, this paper examines the role of urban big data in city intel-ligence by showing that it not only serves as the cornerstone of this trend as it also plays a core role in the diffusion of city intelligence technology and serves as an inexhaustible resource for the sustained development of city intelligence. This study also points out the challenges of shaping and developing of China’s urban big data. Considering the supporting and core role that urban big data plays in city intel-ligence, the study then expounds on the key points of urban big data, including infrastructure support, urban governance, public services, and economic and industrial development. Finally, this study points out that the utility of city intelligence as an ideal policy tool for advancing the goals of China’s urban de-velopment. In conclusion, it is imperative that China make full use of its unique advantages—including using the nation’s current state of development and resources, geographical advantages, and good hu-man relations—in subjective and objective conditions to promote the development of city intelligence through the proper application of urban big data.

2016 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier LTD on behalf of Chinese Academy of Engineering and

Higher Education Press Limited Company. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND

license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

1. Introduction

Amid China’s rapid industrialization and urbanization, the rise in the population, manufacturing, and traffic of its cities is becoming increasingly intense and complex leading to a variety of urban diseases such as rapid population growth, traffic jams, environmental deterioration, housing shortages, employment problems, and public safety challenges. This is just a short list of the side effects of urbanization while there is a host of other less prominent policy problems facing Chinese policymakers. All of these factors have become serious constraints upon the healthy and sustainable development of China’s urban ecosystems [1]. On one hand, the urban ecosystem is composed of urban infra-structure and diverse social environment among urban residents that is becoming increasingly intricate and scaling upon a daily basis; on the other, decision makers and administrators are not fully conscious of this complexity and are consequently deficient in the efficient management of this ecosystem. Modern cities have been upgraded to ternary spaces from dual spaces. The first- dimensional space is a physical space made up solely of a phys-ical environment with all its resources in a natural state. The second-dimensional space contains a human society space shaped and sustained by the culture, norms, and social interac-tions of urban residents. A third-dimensional space, unlike the previous two, is a cyber space, which is comprised of computers, internet access, and the data flowing through these systems to informationized domain [2]. This new structural concept of urban life calls for new philosophies, theories, and practices for ana-

* Corresponding author.

E-mail address: [email protected]

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/J.ENG.2016.02.003

2095-8099/ 2016 THE AUTHORS. Published by Elsevier LTD on behalf of Chinese Academy of Engineering and Higher Education Press Limited Company. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).