仿生机器人

The Current Research Status and Development Strategy on

Biomimetic Robot

Abstract:Bionic robots are good performance mechanical and electrical systems which imitate biological structures and motioncharacteristics of organisms according to the principles of bionics. They have shown their potential use in the dangerous conditions tohuman beings, such as anti-terrorism, space exploration and rescue. The bionic robots can be divided into three types according totheir work conditions, such as the land bionic robots, the air bionic robots, and the underwater bionic robots. The research status at home and abroad of these threetypes robots is discussed. And several problems of the researches are found after analysis, such as the lack of the biological motionmechanism researches, the traditional construction, material, driving and controlling mode, and the low efficiency of the power,leading to the difference between robots and creatures. These problems make the bionic robots similar in shape to the creatures butvery different in essence. So the bionic robots now days are absence of effective applications. The development trend is pointed outthat the bionic robots are developing towards lifelike system, including moving toward the rigid-flexible mechanism, integration ofthe bionics construction, material and driver, neuron fine control, and the efficient power transformation.

在自然界中，陆面生物的运动方式多种多样，有双足运动方式，如人类; 有多足爬行方式，如狗、壁虎等; 有无足移动方式，如蛇类; 有跳跃方式，如袋鼠、青蛙、蝗虫等。研究人员从这些生物的组织结构、运行方式等方面得到启发，进行了陆面仿生机器人的研究。主要有仿人机器人、仿生多足移动机器人、仿生蛇形机器人和仿生跳跃机器人等。

In nature, the movement of the land surface of biological variety, there are bipedal motion, such as a human; how full crawl mode, such as dogs, gecko; Have enough moves, such as snakes; there are ways to jump, such as kangaroos, frogs, locusts. Researchers Inspired organizational structure, operation mode, etc. these creatures, studied land surface bionic robot. There are a humanoid robot, bionic multi-legged robots, biomimetic and bionic hopping robot snake-like robot and so on.

仿人机器人是指一定程度具有人的特征，并具有一定程度移动、感知、操作、学习、联想记忆、情感交流等功能的智能机器人，可以适应人类的生活和工作环境。这是一个融合机械电子、计算机科学、人工智能、传感及驱动技术等多门学科的高难度研究方向，是各类新型控制理论和工程技术的研究平台，也是目前仿生机器人技术研究中具有挑战性的难题之一。

Humanoid robot refers to a certain degree have human characteristics, and has a certain degree of movement, perception, operation, learning, intelligent robots associative memory, emotional exchanges and other functions, can be adapted to human life and working environment. This is a difficult fusion research machinery and electronics, computer science, artificial intelligence, sensors and drive technology, multi-discipline, is all kinds of new control theory and engineering technology research platform, is currently having a biomimetic robotics research challenges one of the challenges of.

日本早稻田大学首先展开了该方面的研究工作，其研制的WAP 、WL 以及WABOT 系列机器人能实现基本行走功能。

Waseda University launched a first aspect of the research work, the development of the WAP , WL and WABOT series robot can achieve the basic walking function.

本田公司于2000年研发的仿人形机器人“ASMI02000”不仅具有人的外观，还可以事先预测下一个动作并提前改变重心，因此转弯时的步行动作连续流畅，行走自如，是第一个具有世界影响力的仿人形机器人。

Honda's humanoid robot in 2000 developed "ASMI02000" not only has the appearance of people, but also can be predicted in advance and the next action to change the center of gravity, so the walking movement when cornering continuous smooth walk freely, is the first world influence force humanoid robot.

本田2011年发布的"ASIM02011”机器人，综合了视觉和触觉的物体识别技术，可进行细致作业，如拿起瓶子拧开瓶盖，将瓶中液体注入柔软纸杯等，还能依据人类的声音、手势等指令，来从事相应动作，此外，还具备了基本的记忆与辨识能力。

Honda released in 2011 "ASIM02011" robot, object recognition technology combines visual and tactile, meticulous work can be carried out, such as picking up a bottle unscrewed the cap, the bottle of liquid injected into the soft cups, etc., but also on the basis of the human voice, gestures instructions to engage in appropriate action, in addition, also has a basic memory and recognition ability.