不定式和动名词的用法

一 不定式和动名词的用法

不定式的基本形式为“to do”, 在句中不单独作谓语；本身具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补足语。

1 作主语：

例： To see is to believe. 眼见为实。

To grasp English in a short time is not easy. 在短时间内掌握英语不容易。

2 作宾语：多在单宾语及物动词后用作宾语，

例：I want to have a walk after supper. 晚饭后我想去散步。

He considered it his duty to support his family. 他认为支撑他的家庭是他的责任。 She doesn‟t know how to run the machine. 她不知道如何操作这台机器。

不定式作宾语的结构为：及物动词+ to do. 动词常用：advise, agree, ask, begin, continue, decide, expect, forget, hope, learn, like, manage, mean, pretend, start, try, want, wish等。

3 作表语：联系动词一般都是be。

例：Our duty is to clean the office and the windows in it.

我们的责任是打扫办公室以及把办公室里的窗户擦干净。

His dream is to become an expert in computer in the future.

他的梦想是将来成为一名电脑方面的专家。

不定式作表语一般结构是：be to do sth.

4 作定语，一般放在名词后面，与所修饰的名词可以是逻辑上的主谓关系或逻辑上的动宾关系。

例：Do you still have anything to say?

你还有什么要说的吗？

Mr. Li is the first people to get to the library.

李先生是第一个到达图书馆的人。

注意：

如果不定式是不及物动词，则后面须跟一个介词。

例：We have nothing to worry about.

我们没有什么可担心的。

The Pierres had only a cold room to live in.

皮尔斯一家只有一间寒冷的房间居住。

She has no chair to sit on.

她没有椅子坐。

5 不定式作宾补

◆动词不定式跟在宾语后面，对宾语补充说明，让句子意思完整。

They want us to keep silent.

他们希望我们保持安静。

He asked me to turn down the radio.

他让我把收音机的声音调低。

不定式作补语结构为：及物动词+ sb./sth. to do„

注意：

如果及物动词为 使役动词(let, have, make) 或感觉动词(see, hear, watch, notice, listen to, look at, feel等)，动词不定式不带“to”。

例：He made us sweep the floor three times a day.

他让我们一天打扫三次地板。

I saw him leave the meeting room early.

我看见他很早离开了会议室。

We always hear her sing popular songs.

我们总是听见她唱流行歌曲。

I noticed the man enter the store.

我注意到这个男人进入了商场。

His mother made him write a two-thousand-word article.

他的妈妈让他写一篇2000字的文章。

但该类句子变为被动句时则要加上“to”。

2 动名词

动名词就是动词化了的名词。它由动词+ing构成。它具有动词和名词的性质，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。

1. 动名词的用法

(1) 作主语

例：Getting up early is good for your health.

早起对于你的健康有帮助。

Reading English often is very important in learning a foreign language.

经常读英语对于学习一门外语很重要。

(2) 作宾语

例：I did remember seeing him somewhere last Sunday.

我确实记得上个周日在某个地方见过他。

Before class, you will be asked to stop talking and smoking.

上课之前，你需要停止说话及吸烟。

Would you mind opening the window for me?

你介意为我把窗户打开吗？

注意：跟在介词后的动词必须用动名词形式，充当介词的宾语。

例：I am thinking of going to travel in Europe.

我正在考虑去欧洲旅行。

Thank you for bringing me such a beautiful gift.

谢谢你给我带来这么漂亮的礼物。

(3) 作表语

例：My work is teaching you English. 我的工作是教你英语。

Her greatest pleasure was watching TV at home. 她最大的乐趣就是在家看电视。

注意：动名词作表语往往表示抽象意义的动作(动作性不强)，而不表示具体的某次动作。

(4) 作定语

例：A swimming pool is being built in the park. 公园里正在建一个游泳池。

Your teaching method is a little out of time. 你的教学方法有点过时了。

注意：动名词作定语说明所修饰名词的用途，而不表示进行的动作。

2. 使用动名词注意下列事项:

(1) 下列动词后只用动名词: avoid, admit, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, finish, imagine, keep,

mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest等。

例：He finished reading the novel in two days.

他在两天内读完了这本小说。

I am considering going there by bicycle.我正在考虑骑自行车去那儿。

I suggested putting off the meeting till next Wednesday.我建议把这个会议推迟到下周三。 I am sorry to miss catching the first bus. 我很遗憾错过了第一班公交车。

(2) 下列词组后用动名词：be afraid of, be/get used to, think of, be fond of, can‟t help, feel like, give up, look forward to, pay attention to, have trouble in , insist on , put off , succeed in等。 例：He has been used to living in the city after so many years have passed.

这么多年过去了，他已经习惯了在城市居住。

I don‟t feel like going to see the film now. 我现在不想去看这个电影。

二 、不定代词other、the other、another、others的区别

1 other可作形容词，做形容词时，意思是“别的，其他”，泛指“其他的（人或物）”。

Do you have other question(s)? 你还有其他问题吗？

Ask some other people. 问问别人吧！

2.the other指两个人或物中的一个时，只能用the other，不能用another，此时的other作代词。

He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker. 他有两个女儿，一个是护士，另一个是工人。

the other后可加单数名词，也可加复数名词，此时的other作形容词。

Mary is much taller than the other girls. 玛丽比其他的女孩高得多。 He lives on the other side of the river. 他住在河的对岸。

3.others是other的复数形式，泛指“另外几个”，“其余的”。在句中可作主语、宾语。

Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports. 我们一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞，其余的从事体育活动。

4.the others意思是“其他东西，其余的人”。特指某一范围内的“其他的（人或物）”。是the other的复数形式。

Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home. 两个男孩将去动物园，其余的留在家里。 the others=the other 复数名词，这在第2条中已经有所介绍。

5.another既可作形容词，也可作代词，只能用于三个或更多的人或物，泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“再一个，又一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。

Lucy, would you like another cake? 露西，你想再要一块蛋糕吗？

I don”t like this one, please show me another. 我不喜欢这一个。请拿另一个给我看看。

课堂小测试

一、单项选择。

1. —What did you see just now?

—I saw two _____ doctors _____ out of the house.

A. women,come B. woman, came C. woman,coming D. women, to come

2. — Would you like to play table tennis with me?

— I don‟t feel like it. I would rather_____at home and watch TV.

A stay B to stay C staying D stayed

3. —What's the matter? —I am having the trouble _____ who has taken my book.

A. finding B. looking for C. finding out D. looking up

4. — What ______ news it was! — Yes, all of the children were _____.

A. excited, exciting B. exciting, excited C. exciting, exciting D. excited, excited

5. — Why are you late? — My bike broke down. I had it _____.

A. repaired B. repaires C. repair D. repairing

6. Colors can change our moods and make us _____ happy or sad, energetic or sleepy.

A. to feel B. feeling C. felt D. feel

7. Would you mind _____ more slowly? I can‟t follow you.

A. speak B. spoke C. spoken D. speaking

8.It‟s good habit _____ breakfast every day.

A. had B. have C. has D. to have

9.Didn‟t you ask them _____ that?

A. not to do B. not do C. not doing D. to not do

10. I don‟t know ____ with the box.

A. to do what B. what to do C. what be done

11. He forgot _____ .

A. to go which way B. which way to go C. Which to go the way

12.To give up is _______.

A. fail B. failing C. to fail

13.I want some water _______.

A. to be drunk B. to drink it C. to drink

14.We must have a house ___ .

A. to live B. to live in C. to be lived in D. to live in it

15.Here is a new book for you to ______.

A. be read B. read C. read it

16.I stood up _____ better.

A. and see B. to see C. for seeing

17.I told him ______ it.

A. don‟t break B. not to break C. not break

18.I saw him ____ football on the playground.

A. played B. play C. to play

19.John seems ______ it.

A. knows B. know C. to know

20.Mary‟s business is ____ care of children.

A. Takes B. take C. to take D. to taking

21. Remember ____ late for class again.

A. not to B. not to be C. to be not D. be not to

22. Stop ____ , please. I've something to tell you.

A. to read B. reading C. read D. to write

23. Miss Li likes the students ____ questions.

A. ask B. asking C. to ask D. asked

24. You don't look well. Why ___ to see the doctor?

A. not to go B. you motto go

C. not go D. didn't go

25. Have you read the book? It's worth_____.

A. read B. to read C. reading D. to reading

26. You had better ____ home at once. Don't keep your mother_____.

A. to, wait B. going, waiting

C. to go, to wait D. go, waiting

27. ____ in the sun is bad for your eyes.

A. Read B. Reads C. Reading D. To reading

28. I'd like ______ a word with. you.

A. had B. having C. to have D. have

29. He often made her____, but this time he was made _____by her.

A. cry, to cry B. cry, cry

C. to cry, cry D. to cry, to cry

30. We all hate _____lies before our teachers or parents.

A. telling B. tell

C. to tell D. being told

31. I‟m looking forward _____your pen-friend.

A. being B. to be C. be D. to being

二、单项选择。

1．I don‟t like this coat，could you please show me ______？

A. other B. another C. the other D. others

2．There are many people in the park，some are playing cards，some are dancing，and ____are taking a walk in it.

A. other peoples B. the others C. others D. the other people

3．I have two uncles，one is a doctor and _____ is a teacher.

A. the other B. another C. other D. another one

4．Some students hope to enter the best universities while _____ simply wants to learn skills.

A. the others B. others C. another D. the other

5．“Do you like these pants sir？” “No，please show me ______.”

A. another B. some ones C. some others D. the other

6．I have two TV set，but _____ of them is in good condition.

A. both B. none C. neither D. every

7．Walking along the streets，you can see many beautiful flowers on _____ side of the street.

A. every B. all C. both D. either

8．Some students hope to enter the best universities while _____ simply want to learn skills.

A. the others B. others C. another D. the other

9．I invited Joe and Linda to dinner，but _____of them came.

A. neither B. either C. none D. both

10．I had to buy ____these books because I didn„t know which one was the best.

A. both B. none C. neither D. all

11．I have done much of the work. Could you please finish ____in two days？

A. the rest B. the other C. another D. the others

12．Both teams were in hard training； _____was willing to lose the game.

A. either B. neither C. another D. the other