如何提高阅读理解

第二部分 阅读理解

仔细阅读部分分为选择题型的篇章阅读理解、篇章层次的词汇理解 (Banked Cloze)或短句问答(Short Answer Questions)。新题型的设置和比例如下图所示：

二、阅读过程中的问题与策略

1、阅读的大忌——试图弄懂文章中的每一个词

中国学生阅读时往往试图搞懂文章中的每一个单词，考试亦不例外，因此遇到看不懂的单词就很着急，甚至产生强烈的挫折感、失败感，这在很大程度上同学习方法有关。其实，单词同阅读理解是个别同整体的关系，我们既要认清词义，也不能一叶障目，忽视对文章整体意义的把握。遇到生词，最好不要急于查字典，应该利用上下文分析、推理、猜测。即使只明白大概意思也比查字典后完全明白好。这样做会养成积极思维的习惯，积累丰富的阅读经验，培养出很好的语感。考试时遇到生词应该先顺势阅读，如果不影响对意义的理解，可完全不管它，继续阅读；如果该词汇影响到对篇章意义的理解，可根据构词法、上下文语境猜测其意义。对绝大多数同学而言，阅读考试中永远都可能出现不认识的词，这是命题人员增加命题难度的重要措施。

2、不良阅读习惯

不少考生阅读时有如下毛病：

“指读”：用手指、铅笔、尺子指着文章，一个单词一个单词地读。这样无形中限制了眼睛“扫描”，从而降低阅读速度。 “头读”：每次换行读时，头做相应的摇动动作。这样限制了阅读速度。

“声读”：必须读出声音才能理解，也就是说必须将印刷符号转化成声音才能理解，这也势必会影响阅读速度。因此，考生应多进行“默读”训练，学会通过视觉在大脑直接将印刷字符转化成意思的技能。

“回读”：一遇到生词或不熟悉的短语时，返回句首或段首重读。在考试中这样读自然时间不够，就紧张起来，结果大大影响阅读的效果。

“译读”：在阅读过程中不断翻泽，通过译成母语来达到理解。

这些不良习惯只有平时阅读时刻意训练才能克服。

3、积极的阅读

较高境界的阅读是把注意力集中在作者的思路上，而非“单词”上。比如读到but 的时候，应当能够预见到下面的意思与前面不同，作者马上要引入他真正感兴趣的话题或焦点信息。这样就能抓住文章的脉络，越读越明白，而不会“只见树木，不见森林”。因此我们应注意通过文章的结构去把握文章的脉络。文章结构大致可分为“顺承式”和“转折式”两大类：

顺承结构基本上指前后两个部分之间内容相近或相辅相成，即表现了补充、支撑、扩展等关系，通常由and, similarly, first, second, because, thus, besides, likewise等连接词连接两部分。

转折结构一般指前后两部分之间内容相反，即表现了转折、对比、对立等关系，通常由however ，yet ，but ，while ．nevertheless ．on the contrary，on the other hand等转折词连接两部分。

此外，我们还可以利用一些副词或副词性的词组来判断作者的思维走向，如：

综述——详述

表示综述的词和词组：often ，generally speaking，thus ，therefore 等；

表示详述的词和词组：for example，because 等。

分类——列举

表示分类的词汇：there are two／three types等，其特点为“基数词”；

表示列举的词汇：first ，second ，third 等，其特点为“序数词”。

如果我们心中对文章脉络、作者思路有大致的把握，就可能变被动为主动，不受制于个别生词甚至难句，阅读起来有如高屋建瓴，就会轻松愉快得多。

4、阅读顺序——先读文章还是先读题?

考试中阅读的顺序和方法是仁者见仁，智者见智。究竟哪种阅读方法好，同学们宜根据自己的习惯和实际情况决定。就是对同一个人也不能一概而论，在阅读不同材料时，为不同问题阅读相似的材料时，同一个人也可完全可能采取不同的顺序和方法。

多数考生在阅读时喜欢采用下面传统的四种方式：

4．1 读文章、做题目、有拿不准的地方再回头读文章，有时还可能重复循环下去。这种方法对了解文章主题有好处，准

确率较高，缺点是速度慢。

4．2 先浏览题，记住大致考点，再读文章，划下重点位置，最后做题，一气呵成。这种方法的可取性在于“有的放矢”，节省时间，但是在不了解文章结构、主题及细节的情况下，对问题的理解、记忆和查找都有困难，可能反而节约不了时间。

4．3直接从问题人手，边读题边“带着问题找原句”在前面文章中寻找答案。采用这种方法解题的关键要把问题读懂，如果是细节题，阅读时也要相应仔细一些。如果是推断题，不能主观臆测，也不能望文生义，要根据上下文揣摩作者的意思，充分利用自己已有的知识。

4．4不读文章，径直做题。这种方法适用于完全没有时间，或对文章内容非常熟悉的时侯。

5、阅读的路标——短文考试要点

任何事物都有一定的规律性，四级阅读试题也不例外，它体现了一些最基本的命题规则。综合历年考试的试题分析，我们为大家总结了下面这些阅读的路标---即考试要点。如果利用我们所介绍的考点为“路标”，就可以迅速找到正确答案。有些同学做题很快，根本原因在于他对考点非常敏感，见到“路标”就能预见考题，甚至未见考题已知答案。

列举处常考

列举指的是由First ，Second ，Third 等引导的并列成分，或A 、B 、C and D 等并列的成分，本书统称为“列举处常考”。它们属于“细节性问题”题型，主要有两种：

Which 题型

该题型要求从并列的三选中选一项作为答案，其他选项与题目无关。如：

1，The technology that they are working on would suggest quite reasonably that，within three to five years，we'll have some workable sensors ready to use．Such devices might find wide use in places that attract terrorists．Police could detect drugs，bodies and bombs hidden in cars，while food inspectors could easily test food and water for contamination ．

Q: Which of the following is within the capacity of the artificial nose being developed?

A)Monitoring food processing B)Performing physical examinations

C)Locating places which attract terrorists D)Detecting drugs and water contamination

解题思路：文章从警察和食品检验员的角度列举了人工鼻的几项功能，A) 意为“监测食品加工”，文不对题，因为文章中只讲了食品污染。B) 的内容完全不相干。C) 意为“确定能吸引恐怖分子的地方”，命题者在这里偷梁换柱，因为文中说的是“用于吸引恐怖分子的地方”。D) 正确，选取了列举项中的两点。

Except 题型

该题型要求考生通过核对文章内容，排除满足文章内容的三个选项，而留下“不”符合文章的“错误”选项作为答案，通常称为“三缺一”题型或Except 题型。如：

2，Ancient fossil beds，Revolutionary War battle fields，magnificent mountain ranges, and monuments to heroic men and women who molded this country are all a part of our National Park System(NPS)．The care and preservation for future generations of these special places is entrusted to the NPS ．Uniformed Rangers ，the most visible representatives of the Service，not only offer park visitors a friendly wave，a helpful answer，or a thought-provoking history lesson ，but also are skilled rescuers ，firefighters ，and dedicated resource protection professionals ．The National Park Service ranks also include architects，historians ，archaeologists ，biologists ，and a host of other experts who preserve and protect everything from George Washington's teeth to Thomas Edison’s wax recordings． Q ：The National Park Service does all of the following EXCEPT ____________.

A)offering help to visitors B)molding the Nation C)Keeping people better informed of the National Park System D)Helping preserve the cultural heritage

解题思路：选项A) 、C) 、D) 都是文章中提到过的服务内容，B) 虽然也在文中出现，但是仔细看就会发现molded this country是由heroic men and women发出的动作，而非National Park System提供的服务，所以B) 是正确答案。

转折处与强对比处常考

转折一般指由however ，but ，yet ，in fact等词引导的短语或句子，这些词前面往往是铺垫、介绍等信息，后面常常是语义的重点，是作者真正感兴趣的焦点信息，是重要的命题点。强对比常由unlike ，until ，however ，but 等引导。命题模式如下：文章中说A 具有x 属性，B 与A 不同。问题是B 有何属性? 答案为非x 属性。如：

3，Many people believe the glare from snow cause snow-blindness．Yet ，dark glasses or not，they find themselves suffering from headaches and watering eyes, and even snow-blindness, when exposed to several hours of“snow light ”.

Q ：To prevent headaches, watering eyes and blindness caused by the glare from snow，dark glasses are ______.

A) indispensable B)useful C)ineffective D)available

解题思路：这一类题型，其连词（此处为转折词）后面的信息非常重要，往往就是答案所在。Yet 后面谈到不管用不用墨镜，人们都会头疼，流泪等，说明墨镜没什么效果，因此C) 是正确选项。

例子常考

由as ，such as，for example，for instance等引导的短语或句子通常是举例，例子一般是和文章或段落中心思想紧密相关，体现了“中心思想是解”这一原则。如：

4，“Women ’ s language” shows up in all level of English．For example, women are encouraged and allowed to make far more precise discriminations in naming colors than men do. Words like mauve, beige, and so on, are unremarkable in a woman’s active vocabulary, but largely absent from that of most men．

Q ：Women can make far more precise discriminations in naming colors than men do because _________.

A) women are mole intelligent than men B) women see a wider range of colors than men do

C) women are encouraged and supposed to pay more attention to fine discriminations of names than men do

D) women intentionally learn more of this kind of knowledge to show they are equal to men in intelligence

解题思路：选择项A) 、B) 、D) 都是对文章意思的胡诌，尤其B) 把原文中谈论的色彩的词汇偷换成了色彩本身，只有C) 符合文义，其内容就是For example后面内容的改写。

最高级及绝对性词汇常考

“must ，all ，only ，anyone ，always ，never ”等意义绝对的词或“first ，most beautiful”等最高级往往是考题要点，一般出现在“细节性问题”中。为什么可能是考点呢? 因为它们都有一个共同特点：概念绝对，答案惟一，无论是命题还是答题，不会产生歧义和疑问，因此容易命题，答案不会模棱两可。相反，如果文章中出现相对性的词汇，就难有惟一的答案。请大家琢磨这个例题：Some of the people chose red hats, some chose green hats, and others blue ones．问题：What color hats did some people prefer? 因为其中some 为相对概念，所以就难有惟一正确的答案，答案就可能为red, green或blue ，这样评卷也难免没有困难。大家体会一下，其实命题也受诸多限制，要按照一个固定套路进行。如下面三个例子：

5，When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturer ’s claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchases.

Q ：When a consumer finds that his purchase has fault in it, the first thing he should do is to ________.

A)complain personally to the manager B)threaten to take the matter to court

C)write a firm letter of complaint to the store of purchase

D)show some written proof of the purchase to the store

解题思路：上例原文出现了最高级或概念绝对的词语，如例5中the first step ，命题者根据这些词语稍做改变，如在题干中将例5改为the first thing；对照问题和原文中出现这些词语的句子，就可以肯定地找出三个答案分别是D)

专有名词常考

包括人名、地名、或其他的专有名词。阅读文章前，先扫视一下文章后面问题中是否有专有名词，这样在阅读时才能有的放矢。如：

6．No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation．“Is this what you intended to accomplish with our careers?” Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week．“You have sold your souls ，but must you corrupt our nation and threaten Our children as well?”

Q ：Senator Robert Dole criticized Time Warner for ________.

A)its raising the corporate stock price B)its self-examination of soul

C)its neglect of social responsibility D)its emphasis on creative freedom

解题思路：根据题干中的专有名词，我们很快便可在文中搜索到相关信息。c) 符合题义，原文中的corrupt our nation and threaten our children就是neglect of social responsibility的同义语。

隐蔽处常考

隐蔽处顾名思义，即是指句子中隐蔽之处、容易忽视之处，包括：同位语、插入语、定语、长句后半句、从句、不定式、副词……如下面两例：

7．A contrast is often made between business，which is competitive，and government，which is a monopoly． Q ：Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by ________.

A)its role in protecting basic American values B)its absolute control of power

C)its democratic way of exercising leadership D)its function in preserving personal freedom

解题思路：此题解就在隐蔽的定语从句which is a monopoly中，正确答案B) 就是它的改写。

8．But no two shows are more profoundly opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest，than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey shows．

Q ：Compared with other TV talk shows，both the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey are _______.

A) more family-oriented B)unusually popular C)more profound D) relatively formal

解题思路：While 引导的是插入语，修饰two shows，符合题干中的both ，standing out above the rest则等同于选项B) 的unusually popular ，故B) 是正确答案。

因果句常考

句中含有如下结构或词汇的称为因果句：

表示因果的连词：because ，since ，for ，as ，therefore, so, consequently等。

表示因果的动词：cause ，result in，originate from等。

表示因果的名词：base ，basis ，result ，consequence 等。

这些都可指明因果关系，尤为命题者所青睐，因为可以命题考查文中两个事件的因果关系，一般属于“推断性问题”。如： 9．Because people become adapted to the type of sounds coming from programming，a dramatic change in sound quality draws viewers’ attention．For example，notice how many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some type ．

Q ：Many commercials begin with a cheerful song of some kind because ________.

A)pop songs attract viewers’ attention B)it can increase their loudness

C)advertisers want to make them sound different from regular programs

D)advertisers want to merge music with commercial

解题思路：A) 意为“流行歌曲吸引观众的注意力”。这是干扰项，因为原文中根本没提流行音乐。B)

意为“它能增加它们的音量”，这显然荒谬：愉快的歌怎能增加广告的音量?D) 意为“广告商想让音乐同广告相结合”，这听起来也许有道理，但文章中根本没这样说。C) 意为“广告商想让它们听起来跟普通节目不一样”，我们只要仔细分析原文就可知道：For example前后存在因果关系，而且a dramatic change in sound quality同sound different from regular programs的意思相同，故C) 为正确答案。

段落主题句常考

段落的第一句和最后一句均是十分重要的地方，二者往往是表达中心思想的主题句。有时前者是主题句，后者是主题总结句，因此常出主题性问题、细节性问题和结构性问题。如：

10．Crime has its own cycles，a magazine reported some years ago．Police records that were studied for five years from over 2,400 cities and towns show a surprising link between changes in the season and time patterns… Q ：

A)A Time for Murder B)Summer Crimes

C)Crime Cycles Throughout the Year D)Intellectual Seasonal Cycles

解题思路：这是一道主旨题。段落的首句就概括了全文主题，所以c) 正确，其余选项都不全面。

特殊标点常考

一些标点符号同篇章结构或句间关系有密切关系，常是考点。

破折号：表示解释，考细节性问题；

括号：表示解释，考细节性问题；

冒号：表示解释，考细节性问题；

引号：表示引用，考细节性问题。

如以下几个例子：

11．Scientists have reason to think that a man can put up with far more radiation than 0.1 rem without being damaged ，and the figure of 60 rems has been agreed on．The trouble is that it is extremely difficult to be sure about radiation damage—a person may feel perfectly well，but the cells of his or her sex organs may be damaged，and this will not be discovered until the birth of deformed children or even grandchildren．

Q ：We know from the passage that _________.

A)exposure to even tiny amounts of radiation is fatal B)the effect of exposure to radiation is slow in coming

C)radiation is avoidable in space exploration D) People needn’t worry about any radiation damage 解题思路：A) 和D) 过于绝对；C) 是胡乱推理。根据破折号后面的内容，B) 是正确答案。

篇章阅读理解

大纲要求与命题形式

篇章阅读理解是一道传统的四级考试题型。在710方案中，这一部分包括2篇文章的阅读，每篇后有5道选择题，共10道题，占整套试题的20％。四级阅读理解文章题材广泛，但是所涉及的背景知识是能被多数考生所接受和理解的。从对2000年～2005年四级考试题目的统计数据看，涉及人文类题材的（包括文化、历史、教育、文学、风俗习惯和音乐等）占60％；科普类文章占25％；其余社科类文章占15％。就体裁而言，议论文占50％；说明文占40％；其他占10％。从以上的数据可以看出，四级考题中的阅读理解题材和体裁的分布都很明确，而且内容都是考生能够理解的，因此只要多加练习，有针对性地阅读文章，便可取得理想的成绩。

短文后面选择题的类型多种多样，但归纳起来大致可分为二大类，即全域型问题（Global Question）和局域型问题（Local Question ）. Local Question一般涉及三方面内容：Subject Matter, Attitude/Tone; Local Question 涉及：Supporting Details ,Inference, V ocabulary. 以下，我们将针对这部分的特点、出题范畴、出题方式等，根据这些问题在考试出题中的大致排列顺序，进行有步骤、有计划的分项应试技能训练。

2. 题型分类分析

四级考试篇章阅读题共有5种常见题型，分别是：

主题性问题；细节性问题；态度性问题；推断性问题；词汇性问题

2.1 主题性问题

在阅读时必须把握内在的逻辑关系，沿着作者的思路，才能掌握文章的主题思想，了解作者的观点和态度。此类考题的典型出题形式有：

∙ The best title for the passage is ___ .

∙ The main idea/purpose/subject/topic of the passage is ___ .

∙ The article is mainly/primarily concerned with ___ .

∙ The central idea conveyed in the above passage is ___ .

∙ Which of the following can best summarize the article?

∙ Which of the following descriptions suits this passage best?

【例】 Oxford and Cambridge differ from the rest of the universities in Great Britain in many important respects, but resemble each other quite closely. Oxford was founded in the 12th century. There are at present 35 colleges: three are for women only and the rest take both men and women. There are at present approximately 9400 students in residence, of whom over a third are women. The city of Oxfor d is popular with tourists because of the University’s many beautiful medieval buildings. Cambridge was founded in the 13th century. There are at present 28 colleges, of which only one is for men students only and two for women students only. The remaining 25 take both men and women. There are at present over 9000 students in residence, of whom a third are women. Cambridge University has made the city of Cambridge an internationally famous tourist center.

Q: The passage is mainly about the .

A. history of two famous universities in Britain

B. comparison between Oxford and Cambridge

C. number of students at Oxford and Cambridge

D. interdiction of colleges at Oxford and Cambridge

文章一开始就用概括性的话语总领下文，并说明了整段文章的主题“Oxford and Cambridge differ from the rest of the universities in Great Britain in many important respects, but resemble each other quite closely.”由此我们可以顺利地确定答案：B 。

2.2 细节性问题

细节性问题在考试中所占比例高达80%，相对而言比较简单，是可望得高分的部分。细节题绝大部分体现“中心思想是解”这一原理。此类考题的典型出题形式有：

∙ Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?

∙ What is the reason for ___ ?

∙ In order to do something, we must___ .

∙ According to the writer/passage/paragraph 2, which of the following is NOT true?

∙ The author states/mentioned that ___ in the third paragraph/in 1990/in California.

∙ 多采用who, what, when, where, why, how, how many, how much 等词语提问.

【例】For any Englishman, there can never be any discussion as to who is the world’s greatest poet and greatest dramatist. Only one name can possibly suggest itself to him: that of William Shakespeare. Every Englishman has some knowledge, however slight, of the work of our greatest writer. All of us use words, phrases and quotations from Shakespeare’s writings that have become part of the common property of English-speaking people. Most of the time we are probably unaware of the source of the words we use, rather like the old lady who was taken to see a performance of Hamlet and complained that “it was full of well-known proverbs and quotations”! Shakespeare, more perhaps than any other writers, made full use of the great recourses of the English language. Most of us use about five thousand words in our normal employment of English; Shakespeare in his works used about twenty-five thousand! There is probably no better way for a foreigner (or even an Englishman!) to appreciate the richness and variety of the English language than by studying the various ways in which Shakespeare uses it. Such a study is well worth the effort (it is not, of course, recommended to beginners), even though some aspects of English usage, and the meaning of many words, have changed since Shakespeare’s day. Q : To learn the richness of English language, can read Shakespeare’s plays.

A. people B. an Englishman

C. a foreigner D. an English beginner

此题的题干出现在文章第二段的第三行。从同一句话里，我们也可以找到答案： a foreigner (or even an Englishman!) 。由此而推断答案为: A。

2.3 态度性问题

褒义词：positive, enthusiastic, friendly, tolerant, optimistic等

中性词：indifferent, neutral, humorous, sympathetic, cautious等

贬义词：disgusting, critical, negative, pessimistic 等

答题要点：1）根据文中有典型褒贬意义的词汇判断（积极/消极；肯定/否定；喜欢/厌恶）；2）读出字里行间的隐含之意；3）区分作者的观点和文中某人的观点，看清问的是谁（Some people think …,but others believe …on the one hand, on the other hand）。 此类考题的典型出题形式有：

1.Which of the following is true/NOT true/false according to the passage/

paragraph 1/ author?

2.The author’s attitude/viewpoint/tone towards … is ___ .

【例】….Professor Baker’s publisher has stated that this new book will soon take the place of all the old standard works in this field; in view, however, of both the style and content of Professor Baker’s book, I find this claim most difficult to accept.

Q: The author’s view to the book is .

A. optimistic, because he believes the book will soon overtake all the old standard works in the field

B. hard to say because it is not clearly stated in the article

C. negative because he doesn’t think the book really deserves the publisher’s gratification

D.humorous because he cites the publisher’s remarks but doesn’t accept it

解题思路：作者在前面引用了出版商的赞美之辞，而后接着表明难以接收此说法，说明它对此书持否定态度。所以答案是：C 。

2.4 推断性问题

此类题型较难。要注意根据文章中的关键词、短语、结构等进行推断，防止主观臆断，这是很多考生的一个通病。

【例】Woodsmen ，hunters and trackers learned to follow and read the information left behind by animals，men ，nature and time．Their ability to survive depended on their skills in reading these signs．Soon they reasoned that if signs left behind accidentally had so much meaning，they could leave signs deliberately for their own future use or for the benefit of friends following them．Thus trail signs and symbols came into being and soon became more or less standardized．A hunter in a forest hacked pieces of bard off some of the trees in his path so that he could find his way back or so that others could follow him．Woodsmen frequently made a cut on both sides of the tree so that the trail could be seen from either direction and from either side of the tree．Trackers chipped from one side only，and then trails were harder follow．

Q ：The author implies that signs left by _________ are easier to follow．

A)animals B)hunters C)woodsmen D)tracker

解题思路：文章没有明确指出谁留的记号比较容易识别，但文章最后一句提到Trackers …trails were harder to follow ，原因是chipped from one side only，故D) 可以排除，但由此我们可以推定made a cut on both sides of the tree就易识别。这样只要在文章中找出谁在树的两边都留下记号，谁的记号就最易识别，文章中提到Woodsmen frequently made cut on both sides of the tree，因此C) 是正确答案。

2.5 词汇考题

词汇考题就是要求考生根据上下文猜测四级考试大纲词汇表以外某些词汇和短语的意义，实际上也可说是考察学生的悟性。大体有两种情况：

熟词新义。注意在这种情况下，常规含义不是解。

【例】For many products，when you must pay less than the going rate, you believe you are getting a great deal．This is not necessarily the case for used cars or other durable goods because with expensive products —or ，what is essentially the same thing，products with high replacement costs—you must be particularly careful about getting a“lemon ”，or a product of substandard quality．

Q ：“Lemon ”in this paragraph refers to _________.

A)a kind of fruit B)a kind of new C)a kind of expensive and high-quality car D)a product of inferior quality 解题思路：本题显然考熟词僻义，A) 是常规含义，在这里不合逻辑，肯定不是解。根据上下文，特别是根据其后面or 引导的同位语a product of substandard quality，可以判断D) 是正确答案。

超出词汇表的生词。

在这种试题中，上下文语境是我们猜测词义的惟一根据。换言之，一定要使我们选择的选择项同上下文保持和谐的关系。

【例】Nowadays ，at least in the rich industrial world，although every adult still wants a car，almost everyone wishes his neighbor did not have one．Pollution and congestion rank with crime among the chief bugbears of modem life．

Q ：According to the context，the word“bugbears ”means________.

A)insects B)nuisances C)crimes D)animals

解题思路：在Pollution and congestion rank with crime among the chief bugbears of modem life这一语境中，我们可马上排除A) 、

D) ，因为污染和拥挤不可能成为现代生活的昆虫(insects)或动物(animals)；其次，尽管污染、拥挤不是好事，但还不能和犯罪相提并论，故也可将其排除。剩下的B) 意为“讨厌的东西”，它就是答案，即使不认识也无妨。

另外，英语中许多词是由词根，前缀，后缀合成的，如果认识其中的词根，往往可以通过前缀或后缀的意义来判断词义。例如，很少人知道telepathy 这个词，但我们知道前缀tele 的意义：distant 。如telephone 远方传来的声音(phone：sound) ——电话，television 远方传来的图像(vision=picture)——电视，telegram 远方传来的文字(gram=writing) ——电报。也可能了解词根pathy 意为“feeling' ’，如sympathy 同样的感情(sym=same)——同情，antipathy 反对感情(anti=against)——反感；apathy 没有感

情(a=without)——冷漠。因此，telepathy=distant+feeling，心灵遥感。

再强调一下，除了词汇考题，在阅读过程中遇到生词也不必紧张，语言篇章里面经常有冗余信息会给我们提供理解的线索。