中国饮食-最全中国饮食菜名翻译
常见的用料
鸡 chicken 鸭 duck 鹅 goose
鱼类 fish 肉类 meat 猪肉 pork
牛肉 beef 小牛肉 veal 羊肉 mutton
小羊肉 lamb 牛尾 oxtail 里脊 fillet
排骨 spareribs 腰子 kidney 肚子 tripe
肝 liver 舌 tongue 内脏 offal
蹄子 trotter 胗 gizzard 鸡什 giblets
鹿肉 venison 鸡脯 chicken breast
甲鱼 turtle 海味 seafood
虾 shrimp 干贝 scallop
螃蟹 crab 鱿鱼 squid
海蛰 jellyfish 黄鳝 finless eel
海螺 whelk 野味 game
兔 rabbit 鸽 pigeon
鹌鹑 quail 龙虾 lobster
牡蛎 oyster 田螺 snail
田鸡 frog 蛇 snake 腌肉 bacon
香肠 sausage 火腿 ham
熊掌 bear’s paw
鱼翅 shark’s fin 燕窝 bird’s nest
煮前的准备工作
去骨 boning
例如, 去骨鸭掌
打鳞 scaling
例如,去鳞鱼 scaled fish
剥/去皮 skinning
例如,去皮田鸡 skinned frogs
脱壳 shelling
例如,虾仁 shelled shrimps
腌制 pickling
例如,咸酸菜 pickled vegetables
常用刀法及用料形状
切片 slice 切丝 shred
切丁 dice 切柳 fillet 切碎 mince
捣烂 mash 酿入 stuff
常用用料形状
肉/ 鱼片sliced meat / fish 或 meat / fish slices
肉丝 shredded meat 或 pork shreds
肉/鸡丁 diced pork / chicken 或meat / chicken cubes
肉末 minced meat
肉丸 meat balls
肉馅 meat filling
中餐菜单翻译法
(1) 直译法。英译时把对应的制作方法译出来,再以该菜的主要原料为中心词。 如:炖牛肉 Stewed Beef (2) 直译加注法。英译时直接按中文菜名译出其意,然后再补充说明其内在含义。 如: 狮子头 Lion’s Head ——Pork Meat Balls 全家福 Happy Family——A combination of shrimps, pork, beef, chicken, lobster and mixed vegetables with brown sauce (3) 意译法。此法可分为三种情况: 1) 原料+with+作料。 以原料为中心词,有时捎带把烹调法也译出,再加上用介词with 或in 与作料构成的短语即可。如: 海米白菜 Chinese Cabbage with Dried Shrimps 鱼香肉丝 Shredded Pork with Garlic Sauce 2) 作料+原料 。 即把作料用作修饰语,放在中心词原料的前面。如: 咖喱牛肉 Curry Beef 古老肉 Sweet & Sour Pork 3) 以“实”对“虚”法。即舍去中菜名里的喻义,夸张等说法而用平直,明白的英语译出。如: 发财好市 Black Moss Cooked with Oysters 彩凤喜迎春 Baked Chicken and Fried Quail Eggs 蚂蚁上树 Vermicelli with Spicy Minced Pork 龙虎凤大烩 Thick Soup of Snake, Cat and Chicken 4) “移花接木”法。借用西方人熟悉并了解的欧洲菜名或主食名来译部分中菜名与少数主食,因为它们之间有许多相似之处。译文地道,通俗易懂,能 收到事半功倍的效果。如: 烤排骨 Barbecued Spare Ribs 饺子 Chinese-style Ravioli略有馅的水饺 5) 音译加释义法。先按中文用拼音译出,然后再加以解释性的英译,使英译文保留点“中国味”。 如:包子 Baozi——Stuffed Bun 馒头 Mantou——Steamed Bread 6)“随机应变”法:原料+地名+Style。应用此法可以灵活地处理一些难以对付的地方风味特色菜名。英译出原料名后,再稍加“点拨”就可以大功告成。如: 广东龙虾 Lobster Cantonese Style 麻婆豆腐 Bean Curd Sichuan Style 中菜的烹调方法至少有50多种,但大体不离: 煮 (boiling), 煲/炖 (stewing), 烧/焖/烩(braising), 煎(frying), 炒(stir-frying),爆(quick-frying), 炸(deep-frying), 扒(frying and simmering), 煸(sautéing),煨 (simmering), 熏(smoking),烤(roasting/barbecuing), 烘(baking), 蒸(steaming), 白灼(scalding)等基本方法。 煮 boiled. 如 “煮咸牛肉” (Boiled Corned Beef)
煲/炖 stewed. 如“清炖牛尾” (Stewed Ox Tail in Clear Soup) 烧braised. 如“红烧牛蹄” (Braised Ox Trotters in Brown Sauce) 煎(pan-)fried. 如 “煎明虾” (Fried Prawns) 炒stir-fried 如“炒鸡丁” (Stir-Fried Chicken Dices) 爆 quick-fried. 如“葱爆羊肉” (Quick-fried lamb with Scallion in Ginger Sauce) 炸 deep-fried. 如 “炸大虾” (Deep-fried prawns) 扒fried and simmered. 如“虾子扒海参” (Fried and Simmered Sea Cucumber with Shrimps Roe鱼卵) 煸sautéed . 如 “干煸鳝鱼” (Sautéed Eel Slices) 煨simmered. 如“煨牛肉” (Simmered Beef) 焖 braised 如 “黄酒焖猪排” (Braised pork chops in rice wine) 烩 braised 如 “烩鸡丝” (Braised chicken shreds with peas) 熏 smoked 如 “熏鱼” (Smoked Fish) 烘 baked 如 “烘鸽” (Baked Pigeon) 蒸 steamed 如 “蒸鲜鱼” (Steamed Fresh Fish) 酱/醋 marinated 如 “酱鸡” (Marinated Chicken) 卤 spicy; stewed in gravy 如“卤鸭”(Spicy Duck) 涮 instant-boiled 如 “涮羊肉” (Instant-Boiled Mutton Slices) 酿 stuffed 如“酿青椒” (Stuffed Green Pepper) 烤 roast; barbecued 如“烤鹅” (Roast Goose) 白灼/微煮 scalded 如“白灼海虾”(Scalded Prawns) 红烧 braised in brown sauce 如 “红烧蹄筋” (Braised Pork Tendon in Brown Sauce) 干烧 in pepper sauce 如“干烧干贝” (Scallop in Pepper Sauce) 麻辣 with hot pepper 如 “麻辣豆腐”(Bean Curd with Hot Pepper / Spice Bean Curd) 酱爆 in bean sauce 如“酱爆肉丁” (Diced Pork in Bean Sauce) 鱼香 in (spicy) garlic sauce 如“鱼香肉丝” (Shredded Pork in Garlic Sauce) 糖醋 with sweet and sour sauce 如“糖醋排骨” (Spareribs with Sweet and Sour Sauce) 宫保 with chili and peanuts 如 “宫保鸡丁” (Diced Chicken with Chili and Peanuts) 脆皮 crisp (in spicy sauce) 如 “脆皮鱼” (Crisp Fish)
清蒸 steamed (in clear soup)如 “清蒸桂鱼”(Steamed Mandarin Fish)
清炖 stewed in clear soup 如 “清炖甲鱼” (Stewed Turtle in Clear Soup)
香酥 crisp fried 如“香酥鸡” (Crisp Fried Chicken) 焦熘fried in sauce 如“焦熘鱼片” (Fried Fish Slices in Sauce) 甜酸 sweet and sour 如“甜酸肉”(Sweet & Sour Pork) 胡辣 with pepper and chili 如“胡辣海参” (Sea Slug with Pepper and Chili) 油淋 drip-fried with oil 如 “油淋兔” (Drip-Fried Rabbit with oil) 干煸 dry-sautéed 如“干煸季豆” (Dry-sautéed String Beans) 盐水 boiled in salt water 如“盐水虾”(Boiled Shrimps in Salt Water)
家常 home style 如“家常豆腐” (Bean Curd Home Style) 陈皮 with spicy orange peel 如 “陈皮鸡” (Chicken in Spicy Orange Peel) 回锅 double-sautéed 如“回锅肉” (Double-sautéed Pork Slices) 五香 spiced 如“五香牛肉” (Spiced Beef) 干炸 dry deep-fried 如“干炸羊肉”(Dry Deep-fried Lamb Breast) 软炸 soft deep-fried 如 “软炸里脊” (Soft-fried Pork Fillet) 酥炸 crisp deep-fried 如“酥炸羊脯” (Crisp Fried Lamb Breast) 砂锅 in casserole 如“砂锅鱼翅” (Shark’s Fin in Casserole) 锅巴 with sizzling /crispy rice crust 如“锅巴海参” (Sea Slug with Sizzling / Crispy Rice Crust) 芙蓉 with egg white 如“芙蓉海参” (Sea Cucumbers with Egg white) 麻酱 with sesame paste 如“麻酱海参”(Beche-de-mer with Sesame Paste) 三鲜 with two other delicacies 如“三鲜海参” (Sea Cucumbers with Other Two Delicacies) 醋溜 in distilled grains sauce 如“醋溜鸡片” (Sliced Chicken in Distilled Grains Sauce) 串烤 skewered 如“串烤羊肉青椒” (Skewered Mutton with Green Pepper) 铁扒 grilled 如“铁扒乳鸽” (Grilled Baby Pigeon)
烧烤 roast 如“烤乳猪”(Roast Suckling Pig)
凉拌 in soy sauce 如“凉拌海蛰” (Jellyfish in Soy Sauce) 酸辣 hot and sour 如“酸辣黄瓜” (Hot and Sour Cucumber) 姜汁 in ginger sauce 如“姜汁扁豆” (Snap Beans in Ginger Sauce) 蚝油 in oyster sauce 如“蚝油香菇” ( Mushrooms in Oyster Sauce) 蒜泥 with mashed garlic 如“蒜泥胡豆” (Broad Beans with Mashed Garlic) 什锦 mixed; assorted 如“什锦丝冬粉” (Assorted Shreds with Vermicelli) 茄汁 in tomato sauce 如“茄汁鸡脯” (Chicken Breast in Tomato Sauce) 咖喱 with curry 如“咖喱牛肉” (Fried Beef withy Curry) 八宝 (stuffed) with eight delicacies 如 “八宝鸡” (Chicken Stuffed with Eight Delicacies) 葱爆 quick-fried with scallion in ginger sauce 如 “葱爆羊肉” (Quick-fried Lamb with Scallion in Ginger Sauce) 粉蒸 steamed in rice flour 如“粉蒸牛肉” (Steamed Beef in Rice Flour) 奶油 in cream sauce 如 “奶油鱼肚” (Fried Fish Maw in Cream Sauce) 木犀 with scrambled eggs and fungus 如“木犀肉” (Fried Pork with Scrambled Eggs and Fungus) 醉 liquor-preserved 如 “醉蟹” (Liquor-preserved Crabs) 辣味 in chili sauce 如“辣味烩虾” (Braised Prawns in Rice Wine) 豆豉 in black bean sauce 如“豆豉桂鱼” (Mandarin Fish in Black Bean Sauce) 黄焖 braised in rice wine 如“黄焖大虾” (Braised Prawns in Rice Wine) 椒盐 with pepper and salt 如“椒盐排骨” (Spare Ribs with Pepper and Salt) 怪味 multi-flavored 如“怪味鸡” (Multi-flavored Chicken)
中国小吃英文表达
中式早點
烧饼 Clay oven rolls
油条 Fried bread stick
韭菜盒 Fried leek dumplings
水饺 Boiled dumplings
蒸饺 Steamed dumplings
馒头 Steamed buns
割包 Steamed sandwich
饭团 Rice and vegetable roll
蛋饼 Egg cakes
皮蛋 100-year egg
咸鸭蛋 Salted duck egg
豆浆 Soybean milk
饭 类
稀饭 Rice porridge
白饭 Plain white rice
油饭 Glutinous粘的 oil rice
糯米饭 Glutinous rice
卤肉饭 Braised pork rice
蛋炒饭 Fried rice with egg
地瓜粥 Sweet potato congee
面 类
馄饨面 Wonton & noodles
刀削面 Sliced noodles
麻辣面 Spicy hot noodles
麻酱面 Sesame paste noodles
鴨肉面 Duck with noodles
鱔魚面 Eel noodles
乌龙面 Seafood noodles
榨菜肉丝面 Pork , pickled mustard green noodles 牡蛎细面 Oyster thin noodles
板条 Flat noodles
米粉 Rice noodles
炒米粉 Fried rice noodles
冬粉 Green bean noodle
汤 类
鱼丸汤 Fish ball soup
貢丸汤 Meat ball soup
蛋花汤 Egg & vegetable soup
蛤蜊汤 Clams soup
牡蛎汤 Oyster soup
紫菜汤 Seaweed soup
酸辣汤 Sweet & sour soup
馄饨汤 Wonton soup
猪肠汤 Pork intestine soup 肉羹汤 Pork thick soup 鱿鱼汤 Squid soup
花枝羹 Squid thick soup 甜 点
爱玉 Vegetarian gelatin 糖葫芦 Tomatoes on sticks 长寿桃 Longevity Peaches
芝麻球 Glutinous rice sesame balls 麻花 Hemp flowers
双胞胎 Horse hooves
冰 类
绵绵冰 Mein mein ice
麦角冰 Oatmeal ice
地瓜冰 Sweet potato ice
紅豆牛奶冰 Red bean with milk ice 八宝冰 Eight treasures ice 豆花 Tofu pudding
果 汁
甘蔗汁 Sugar cane juice 酸梅汁 Plum juice
杨桃汁 Star fruit juice
青草茶 Herb juice
点 心
牡蛎煎 Oyster omelet
臭豆腐 Stinky tofu (Smelly tofu) 油豆腐 Oily bean curd
麻辣豆腐 Spicy hot bean curd 虾片 Prawn cracker
虾球 Shrimp balls
春卷 Spring rolls
蛋卷 Chicken rolls
碗糕 Salty rice pudding
筒仔米糕 Rice tube pudding 红豆糕 Red bean cake
绿豆糕 Bean paste cake 糯米糕 Glutinous rice cakes 萝卜糕 Fried white radish patty 芋头糕 Taro cake
肉圆 Taiwanese Meatballs 水晶饺 Pyramid dumplings 肉丸 Rice-meat dumplings 豆干 Dried tofu
其 他
当归鸭 Angelica duck 槟榔 Betel nut 火锅 Hot pot