现在完成时的被动语态
现在完成时的被动语态结构是“主语+has/have+been+过去分词”。使用现在完成时的被动语态应注意下面几点:
1. 现在完成时的被动语态同主动语态一样强调过去的动作对现在的影响。
They have just cleaned and repaired the watch.
→ The watch has just been cleaned and repaired (by them).
Tom has written the letter.
→ The letter has been written by Tom.
分析:此表刚擦洗修理,那就必然是用现在完成时,my watch是动作的承受者,在被动语态句中作主语。
2. 被动语态没有完成进行时态,主动语态的现在完成进行时改为被动语态时要用现在完成时,依此类推,主动语态的过去完成进行时改为被动语态时用过去完成时。如:
He has been writing the report for two days.
→ The report has been written by him for two days.
3. 现在完成时的被动语态的用法
1) 表示一个被动的动作发生在说话之前,强调对现在造成的影响和结果。如:
The door has been locked. 门被锁上了。
2) 表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去,持续到现在,并可能持续下去, 常与for 或since引导的时间状语连用, 或用于How long...? 句型中。如:
The important problem has been discussed for nearly two weeks.
那个重要的问题已经被讨论近两个星期了。
How long has the machine been used?
这机器使用有多久了?可。
3) 注意与一般过去时的被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被动语态所表示的动作或状态与现在的情况没有联系,而现在完成时的被动语态则强调与现在情况的联系。如:
The bridge was built last year. 这桥是去年建成的。
The bridge has been built. 这桥已经建好了。
No books have been bought since last week.
自上周以来,没有人来买过书。
语法专项练习
I. 用括号内动词的适当形式填空
1. Most of the waste metal can ________ (put) to use again.
2. Some rocks in the sea may ________ (see) in the daytime.
3. This part of the sea ________ (explore) many times.
4. Much useful information about these planets ________ (collect) since 1971.
5. Outer space ________ (not explore) by people before 1957.
6. Much parking space in cities ________ (save) by using small cars.
7. The streets ________ (light) by electricity.
8. Computer science ________ (teach) now almost in all universities.
9. A new kind of suit ________ (make) last December in our factory.
10. In most parts of the world human problems ________ (study) at that time.
11. Electricity ________ (discover) two thousand years ago.
12. These machines ________ (show) at the exhibition last year.
13. In this school English ______(teach) through TV.
14. Five units of this textbook ________ (study) by the end of last month.
15. When the traveler reached the railway station the train ________ (leave) already.
16. Much information ________ (send) back to the earth since the spacemen began
their exploration on the moon.
17. The cars of the future ________ (be) fine for getting around the cities.
18. We ________ (not be) late for tomorrow’s meeting.
19. The first railway in the world ________ (design) in the last century.
20. In 1970, five women ________ (stay) for two weeks in an undersea lab.
II. 按照括号中的汉语意思完成句子
1. You can see the house_____ (未油漆)for years.
2. This is a photo of the power station that_____ (已建起)in my hometown.
3. How many workers_____ ( 已派遣 ) to build the railway?
4. --- Why does Lingling look so unhappy?
--- She_____ (被嘲笑)by her classmates.
5. It is said that the house_____ (闯进了)by two thieves.
6. _____ his views_____ (受到批判)by them
7. The two books_____ (未被拿走)by him.
8. Where_____ the mobile telephone _____ (已经修理了)?
9. The price of a colour TV set_____ (降价了)again.
10. What_____ (已被译成)into many foreign languages?
答案
I. 1. be put 2. be seen 3. has been explored 4. has been collected
5. had not been explored 6. has been saved 7. are lit 8. is being taught
9. was being made 10. were being studied 11. was discovered
12. were shown 13. is taught 14. had been studied 15. had left
16. has been sent 17. will be 18. shall not be 19. was designed 20. stayed
II. 1. has not been painted 2. has been set up 3. have been sent
4. has been laughed at 5. has been broken into 6. Have; been criticized
7. have not been taken away 8. has; been repaired 9. has been brought down
10. has been translated