名词变复数规则变化
名词变复数规则变化
1.一般名词复数是在名词后面加上“s”,如 map→maps, bag→bags 等; 2.以 s , sh , ch , x 等结尾的词加“es”,如 bus→buses, watch→watches 等; 3.以辅音字母+y 结尾的词,变 y 为 i 加 es ,如 baby→babies 等;以元音字母+ y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加 s 变复数,如 monkey→monkeys, holiday→holidays, storey→storeys 楼层) ( ; 4.以 o 结尾的名词变复数时: a ) s 的名词有: 加 photo→photos , piano→pianos, radio→radios, zoo→zoos b)加 es 的名词有: potato→potatoes tomato→tomatoes
5.以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时: a )加 s 的名词有: belief→beliefs roof→roofs safe→safes gulf→gulfs b)去掉 f , fe 加 ves 的名词有: half→halves knife→knives leaf→leaves wolf→wolves wife→wives life→lives thief→thieves 一、 绝大多数的可数名词的复数形式, 是在该词末尾加上后辍-s 。 读音变化:结尾是清辅音读[s],结尾是浊辅音或元音读[z]。 例:friend→friends; cat→cats; style→styles; sport→sports; piece→pieces 二、凡是以 s 、z 、x 、ch 、sh 结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es 构成复数。 读音变化:统一加读[iz]。 例:bus→buses; quiz→quizzes; fox→foxes; match→matches; flash→flashes box →boxes; watch →watches; actress →actresses; class →classes; coach(长途车) →coaches; dress →dresses; sandwich →sandwiches; toothbrush →toothbrushes; waitress (女侍 者) →waitresses 三、以辅音字母+y 结尾的名词,
将 y 改变为 i ,再加-es 。 读音变化:加读[z]。 例:candy→candies; daisy (雏菊)→daisies; fairy→fairies; lady→ladies; story→stories strawberry →strawberries; baby →babies; puppy →puppies; library →libraries; dictionary →dictionaries; cherry →cherries; activity →activities 四、以-o 结尾的名词,如果不是外来词或缩写,就加-es ,否则 加-s 构成复数。 (有生命的加 es ,无生命的加 s ) 读音变化:加读[z]。 例: tomato→tomatoes; potato→potatoes; torpedo(鱼雷)→torpedoes; bingo(彩票式游戏)→bingoes 反例: (青贮塔) silo →silos; piano→pianos 外来词) photo→photos; ( ; macro(宏指令,计机算语言)→macros(缩写词) 五、以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词,多为将-f 或-fe 改变为-ves ,但有例 外。 读音变化:尾音[f]改读[vz]。 例:knife→knives; life→lives; leaf→leaves; staff(员工)→staves; scarf(围巾)→scarves 目前搜集的直接加 s :roof-roofs, belief-beliefs,gulf (海湾)-gulfs, serf(农奴)-serfs , safe-safes,chief (负责人)-chiefs 这几个可变可不变: scarf-scarfs ,handkerchief- handkerchiefs 六、以-us 结尾的名词(多为外来词),通常将-us 改变为-i 构成 复数。 读音变化:尾音[Es]改读[ai],其中[kEs]要改读为[sai],[gEs]要改 读为[dVai]。 例:fungus (真菌)→fungi; abacus(算盘)→abaci; focus(焦点) →foci; cactus 仙人掌) ( →cacti; cestus 拳击用的牛皮手套) ( →cesti 七、以-is 结尾的名词,通常将-is 改变为-es 。 读音变化:尾音[is]改读[i:z]。 例:axis (轴线)→axes; basis→bases; naris (鼻孔)→nares; hypothesis (假设)
→hypotheses; restis (索状体)→restes 名词复数的不规则变化 1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women 注意:与 man 和 woman 构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women 。 如: an Englishman,two Englishmen. 但 German 不是合成词, 故复数形式为 Germans ;Bowman 是姓,其复数是 the Bowmans 。 2)单复同形 如: deer ,sheep ,fish ,Chinese ,Japanese li,jin ,yuan ,two li,three mu,four jin 但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。 如: a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters 3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。 如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people ,a police,a cattle,但可以说 a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the English ,the British ,the French ,the Chinese ,the Japanese ,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民 总称时,作复数用。 如: The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢 的。 4)以 s 结尾,仍为单数的名词,如: a. maths,politics ,physics 等学科名词,为不可数名词,是单数。 b. news 是不可数名词。 c. the United States ,the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是 1945 年组建 起来的。 d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单 数。 "The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book. >是一本非常有趣的故事书。 5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes 若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双);
suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers 6) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如: goods 货物,waters 水域,fishes (各种)鱼 名词练习题——小学 一、把下列各词变成复数形式: 1、hero______ 2、potato______ 3、match______ 4、boy______
5、city______ 6、kangaroo______ 7、radio______ 8、zoo______ 9、photo______ 10、leaf______ 11、knife______ 12、scarf______ 13、 mouth______ 14、 man______ 15、 foot______ 16、 tooth______ 17、child______ 18、mouse______ 19、Frenchman______ 20、 Chinese______ 21、sheep______ 22、fish______ 23、glass______ 24、German______ 二、选择填空: 1.They are____ A:man doctor B:men doctors C:men doctor D:man doctors 2.There are five____in the hill. A:sheep B:sheeps C: goose D:deers 3. Those white socks____small. A:are B:is C: am D:do 4.We have many____in our school. A:woman teacher B:women teachers C: woman teachers D:women teacher
5.Do you like____? A:vegetable B: vegetables C:an vegetable 6.How many____do they have? A:picture B: pictures C:a picture 7.There are six___in the room. A:volleyball B:Volleyballs C:a volleyball D:volleyballs 8.There is ____in our room. A:a picture and five maps B:five maps and a picture C:two pictures and five maps D: two picture and five map 9.It is ____. A:milk B:a milk C:an molk D:milks
10.It’s a____.It isn’t an____. A:apple, egg B;cake,egg C:egg,orange, D:egg,cake 11.Tom and Jim are___. A:friends B:friend C:brother
D:sister 12.Where are his____?___the dresser . A:keys ,They are on B:key, They are on C:keys, It is at D:key,It is in 13.How much are the ____? A:bread B:potatos C:apples D:water 14.How many____ are there? A:baby cat B:babies cat C:babies cats D:baby cats 15.She is a____. A:policeman B:policemen C:policewoman D:policewomen
16.There is____ water in the bottle. A:few B:a few C:plenty of D:any
三、将以下单复数句进行转换: 1 This is a knife. 2 That is a tomato. ______________________________________
______________________________________ 3 That child is very good._____________________________________ 4 These are mice. ______________________________________ 5 Those are children. ______________________________________